By hoppt
Xa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ikhupha, i-voltage yayo yokusebenza ihlala itshintsha rhoqo ngokuqhubeka kwexesha. Umbane osebenzayo webhetri usetyenziswa njengolungelelaniso, ixesha lokukhutshwa, okanye umthamo, okanye imeko yentlawulo (SOC), okanye ubunzulu bokukhutshwa (DOD) njenge-abscissa, kwaye ijika elizotyiweyo libizwa ngokuba yi-discharge curve. Ukuqonda ukukhupha ijika lebhetri, kufuneka siqale siqonde amandla ombane ebhetri ngokomgaqo.
Ukuze i-electrode reaction yenze ibhetri kufuneka ihlangabezane nale miqathango ilandelayo: inkqubo yokulahlekelwa yi-electron kwi-chemical reaction (okt inkqubo ye-oxidation) kunye nenkqubo yokufumana i-electron (oko kukuthi inkqubo yokusabela yokunciphisa) kufuneka ihlulwe kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-redox reaction; i-redox reaction ye-substance esebenzayo ye-electrode ezimbini kufuneka ihanjiswe yi-circuit yangaphandle, eyahlukileyo kwi-reaction ye-microbattery kwinkqubo ye-corrosion yensimbi. Umbane webhetri ngumahluko onokubakho phakathi kwe-electrode eyakhayo kunye ne-electrode engeyiyo. Iiparamitha ezithile eziphambili zibandakanya i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo, i-voltage yokusebenza, intlawulo kunye nokukhupha i-voltage cut-off, njl.
I-Electrode inokuthi ibhekiselele ekucwilisweni kwezinto eziqinileyo kwisisombululo se-electrolyte, ebonisa umphumo wombane, oko kukuthi, umahluko okhoyo phakathi kobuso besinyithi kunye nesisombululo. Lo mahluko onokwenzeka ubizwa ngokuba yinto enokwenzeka yesinyithi kwisisombululo okanye amandla e-electrode. Ngamafutshane, amandla e-electrode kukuthambekela kwe-ion okanye i-athomu ukufumana i-electron.
Ke ngoko, kwi-electrode ethile elungileyo okanye i-electrode engalunganga, xa ibekwe kwi-electrolyte enetyuwa ye-lithium, amandla ayo e-electrode abonakaliswa ngale ndlela:
Apho i-φ c inamandla e-electrode yale nto. Umgangatho oqhelekileyo we-electrode ye-hydrogen yamiselwa ukuba yi-0.0V.
I-electromotive force yebhetri lixabiso lethiyori elibalwe ngokwendlela ibhetri isabela ngayo kusetyenziswa indlela ye-thermodynamic, oko kukuthi, umahluko phakathi kwe-equilibrium electrode potential of battery kunye ne-positive and negative electrode xa isekethe isaphuka lixabiso eliphezulu. ukuba ibhetri inokunika amandla ombane. Ngapha koko, i-electrode elungileyo kunye nenegative azikho kwimeko ye-thermodynamic equilibrium kwi-electrolyte, oko kukuthi, amandla e-electrode asekwa zii-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zebhetri kwisisombululo se-electrolyte ngokuqhelekileyo asiyiyo i-equilibrium electrode, ngoko ke, Amandla ombane ovulelekileyo webhetri ngokuqhelekileyo angaphantsi kwamandla ayo e-electromotive. Ngempendulo ye-electrode:
Ukuthathela ingqalelo imeko engeyiyo yomgangatho wecandelo elisabelayo kunye nomsebenzi (okanye ugxininiso) lwecandelo elisebenzayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, olona mbane wesiphaluka ovulekileyo weseli uguqulwa yi-equation yamandla:
Apho R irhasi engaguqukiyo, T yi-reaction ubushushu, kwaye a ngumsebenzi wecandelo okanye ugxininiso. I-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo yebhetri ixhomekeke kwiipropati ze-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative material, i-electrolyte kunye neemeko zokushisa, kwaye zizimeleyo kwijometri kunye nobukhulu bebhetri. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ze-lithium ion electrode kwipali, kunye ne-lithium metal sheet ehlanganiswe kwiqhosha lesiqingatha sebhetri, inokulinganisa izinto ze-electrode kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-SOC zombane ovulekileyo, ijika lombane elivulekileyo yi-electrode material charge reaction state, ukugcinwa kwebhetri evulekileyo yombane, kodwa ayinkulu kakhulu, ukuba umbane ovulekileyo wehla ngokukhawuleza okanye i-amplitude yinto engaqhelekanga. Ukutshintsha komgangatho wezinto ezisebenzayo ze-bipolar kunye nokuzikhupha kwebhetri zezona zizathu zokuncipha kombane ovulekileyo wesiphaluka kwindawo yokugcina, kubandakanywa nokutshintshwa kwe-mask layer yetafile yezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-electrode; utshintsho olunokwenzeka olubangelwa ukungazinzi kwe-thermodynamic ye-electrode, ukuchithwa kunye nokunyuka kwemvula yezinto ezingcolileyo zetsimbi zangaphandle, kunye ne-micro short circuit ebangelwa yi-diaphragm phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative. Xa ibhetri ye-lithium ion iguga, ukuguqulwa kwexabiso le-K (i-voltage drop) kukubunjwa kunye nenkqubo yokuzinza kwefilimu ye-SEI ebusweni bezinto ze-electrode. Ukuba ukuhla kwamandla ombane kukhulu kakhulu, kukho i-micro-short circuit ngaphakathi, kwaye ibhetri ithathwa njengengafanelekanga.
Xa i-current idlula kwi-electrode, i-phenomenon yokuba i-electrode iyaphambuka kwi-electrode equilibrium ebizwa ngokuba yi-polarization, kwaye i-polarization ivelisa i-overpotential. Ngokwezizathu ze-polarization, i-polarization ingahlulwa ibe yi-ohmic polarization, i-concentration polarization kunye ne-electrochemical polarization. IKHIWANE. I-2 yigophe eliqhelekileyo lokukhupha ibhetri kunye nefuthe le-polarization eyahlukeneyo kwi-voltage.
Umzobo 1. Ijika eliqhelekileyo lokukhupha kunye ne-polarization
(1) I-Ohmic polarization: kubangelwa ukuchasana kwenxalenye nganye yebhetri, ixabiso le-press drop drop lilandela umthetho we-ohm, i-current iyancipha, i-polarization iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ikhoyo iyanyamalala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuyeka.
(2) I-electrochemical polarization: i-polarization ibangelwa ukusabela okucothayo kwe-electrochemical kwindawo ye-electrode. Yehle kakhulu ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-microsecond njengoko yangoku iba ncinci.
(3) I-polarization ye-concentration: ngenxa yokubuyiswa kwenkqubo ye-ion yokusabalalisa kwisisombululo, umehluko woxinaniso phakathi kwendawo ye-electrode kunye nomzimba wesisombululo i-polarized phantsi kwe-current ethile. Le polarization iyancipha okanye iyanyamalala njengoko umbane uyancipha kwimizuzwana ye-macroscopic (imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kumashumi emizuzwana).
Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuyanda ngokunyuka kwebhetri ekhutshwayo, okubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukukhutshwa okukhulu kwangoku kwandisa umkhwa we-polarization webhetri, kwaye ubuninzi bokukhutshwa kwangoku, kubonakala ngakumbi indlela ye-polarization, njengoko kubonisiwe. kuMfanekiso 2. Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm: i-V = E0-IRT, ngokunyuka kwe-RT yangaphakathi yokuchasana, ixesha elifunekayo ukuze umbane webhetri ufikelele kwi-discharge cut-off voltage iyancitshiswa ngokufanayo, ngoko ke amandla okukhululwa nawo. kuncitshisiwe.
Umzobo 2. Impembelelo yoxinano lwangoku kwi-polarization
Ibhetri ye-Lithium ion luhlobo lwebhetri yoxinaniso lwe-lithium ion. Inkqubo yokuhlawula kunye nokukhupha ibhetri ye-lithium ion yinkqubo yokufakela kunye nokuchithwa kwe-lithium ion kwi-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative. Izinto ezichaphazela i-polarization yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ziquka:
(1) Impembelelo ye-electrolyte: i-conductivity ephantsi ye-electrolyte iyona sizathu esiyintloko sokwenza i-polarization yeebhetri ze-lithium ion. Kuluhlu lweqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, i-conductivity ye-electrolyte esetyenziselwa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.01 ~ 0.1S / cm kuphela, eyipesenti enye yesisombululo samanzi. Ngoko ke, xa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zikhupha ngokuphezulu, kusemva kwexesha ukuncedisa i-Li + kwi-electrolyte, kwaye i-polarization phenomenon iya kwenzeka. Ukuphucula i-conductivity ye-electrolyte yinto ephambili yokuphucula amandla aphezulu okukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
(2) Impembelelo yezixhobo ezintle kunye nezibi: umjelo omde wezinto ezintle kunye nezimbi ezinkulu ze-lithium ion particles diffusion to the surface, ezingenakulungele ukukhutshwa kwezinga elikhulu.
(3) I-ejenti ye-conductor: umxholo we-agent agent yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukukhutshwa komlinganiselo ophezulu. Ukuba umxholo we-agent ye-conductive kwifomula ye-cathode ayanelanga, ii-electron azikwazi ukuhanjiswa ngexesha xa i-current enkulu ikhutshwa, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarization kwanda ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba i-voltage yebhetri iyancipha ngokukhawuleza kwi-voltage yokukhupha. .
(4) Impembelelo yoyilo lwesibonda: ubuninzi beepali: kwimeko yokukhutshwa okukhulu kwangoku, isantya sokusabela kwezinto ezisebenzayo sikhawuleza kakhulu, esifuna ukuba i-lithium ion ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhutshwe kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ukuba ipleyiti yepali ingqindilili kwaye indlela yokusasazwa kwe-lithium ion iyanda, isalathiso sobukhulu bepali siya kuvelisa i-lithium ion concentration gradient.
Uxinaniso loxinaniso: Uxinaniso lweshiti lepali likhulu, imbobo iba yincinci, kwaye indlela ye-lithium ion yokuhamba kwindlela yobukhulu beshiti inde. Ukongezelela, ukuba ukuxinana kwe-compaction kukhulu kakhulu, indawo yokudibanisa phakathi kwezinto kunye ne-electrolyte iyancipha, indawo yokuphendula i-electrode iyancitshiswa, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuya kwanda.
(5) Impembelelo ye-SEI inwebu: ukubunjwa kwe-membrane ye-SEI kwandisa ukuxhathisa kwe-electrode / electrolyte interface, okubangelwa i-voltage hysteresis okanye i-polarization.
Umbane osebenzayo, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-end voltage, ubhekisa kumahluko onokubakho phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zebhetri xa umsinga uqukuqela kwisekethe kwimeko yokusebenza. Kwimeko yokusebenza yokukhutshwa kwebhetri, xa ikhoyo ngoku ihamba ngebhetri, ukuchasana okubangelwa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kufuneka kunqotshwe, okuya kubangela ukuhla koxinzelelo lwe-ohmic kunye ne-electrode polarization, ngoko ke amandla ombane osebenzayo ahlala ephantsi kunombane ovulekileyo wesiphaluka, kwaye xa utshaja, i-voltage yokuphela ihlala iphezulu kune-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo. Oko kukuthi, isiphumo se-polarization senza ukuba amandla ombane okuphela kwebhetri akhutshwe abe ngaphantsi kwamandla ebhetri e-electromotive, angaphezulu kwamandla ombane webhetri ephetheyo.
Ngenxa yobukho be-polarization phenomenon, i-voltage esheshayo kunye ne-voltage yangempela kwinkqubo yokuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa. Xa utshaja, i-voltage ye-instantaneous iphezulu kancinci kunombane wangempela, i-polarization iyanyamalala kwaye i-voltage yehla xa i-voltage esheshayo kunye ne-voltage yangempela iyancipha emva kokukhutshwa.
Ukushwankathela le nkcazo ingentla, eli binzana lithi:
E +, E- -mela amandla ee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, ngokulandelelanayo, i-E + 0 kunye ne-E- -0 imele amandla okulinganisa i-electrode yee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, ngokulandelelanayo, i-VR imele i-ohmic polarization voltage, kunye ne-η + , η - -bonisa i-overpotential ye-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative, ngokulandelanayo.
Emva kokuqonda okusisiseko kombane webhetri, saqala ukuhlalutya igophe lokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ijika lokukhupha ngokusisiseko libonisa imeko ye-electrode, eyona nto iphezulu yokutshintsha kweemeko ze-electrode ezintle kunye ezimbi.
Ijika le-voltage yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuyo yonke inkqubo yokukhupha inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amathathu
1) Kwinqanaba lokuqala lebhetri, i-voltage iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isantya esikhulu sokukhutshwa, ngokukhawuleza ukuhla kwamandla ombane;
2) I-voltage yebhetri ingena kwinqanaba lokutshintsha kancinci, elibizwa ngokuba yindawo yeqonga yebhetri. Isantya sokukhupha sincinci,
Ubude bendawo yeqonga, ukuphakama kombane weqonga, kokukhona ukuhla kombane kucotha.
3) Xa amandla ebhetri sele ephelile, amandla ombane webhetri aqala ukuhla ngokukhawuleza de kufike umbane wokuyeka ukukhutshwa.
Ngexesha lokuvavanya, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuqokelela idatha
(1) Ukuqokelela idatha yangoku, i-voltage kunye nexesha ngokwexesha elibekiweyo lexesha Δ t;
(2) Ukuqokelela idatha yangoku, i-voltage kunye nexesha ngokuhambelana nokuhluka kokutshintsha kombane osetyenzisiweyo Δ V. Ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ngokukodwa kubandakanya ukuchaneka kwangoku, ukuchaneka kombane kunye nokuchaneka kwexesha. Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa iiparitha zezixhobo zomatshini othile wokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, apho i-% FS imele ipesenti yoluhlu olupheleleyo, kwaye i-0.05% RD ibhekisela kwiphutha elilinganisiweyo phakathi koluhlu lwe-0.05% yokufunda. Ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha izixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-CNC yomthombo oqhubekayo wangoku endaweni yokumelana nomthwalo womthwalo, ukwenzela ukuba i-voltage yemveliso yebhetri ayinanto yakwenza nokumelana nochungechunge okanye ukuxhathisa i-parasitic kwisekethe, kodwa inxulumene kuphela ne-voltage E kunye nokumelana kwangaphakathi. r kunye nesekethe yangoku I yomthombo ofanelekileyo wamandla ombane olingana nebhetri. Ukuba ukuchasana kusetyenziselwa umthwalo, misela i-voltage yomthombo wombane ofanelekileyo webhetri elingana ne-E, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi ngu-r, kunye nokumelana nomthwalo ngu-R. imitha, njengoko kuboniswe kulo mzobo ungentla kuMzobo 6. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, kukho ukuxhathisa okukhokelayo kunye nokuxhatshazwa koqhagamshelwano (ukumelana ne-parasitic resistance) kwisiphaluka. Umzobo wesekethe olinganayo oboniswe kwi-FIG. I-3 iboniswe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo we-FIG. 3. Ekusebenzeni, ukuchasana kwe-parasitic kwaziswa ngokungenakunqandwa, ukwenzela ukuba ukuchasana komthwalo wonke kube mkhulu, kodwa i-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-voltage kuzo zombini iziphelo zokumelana nomthwalo R, ngoko ke impazamo ifakwe.
Umzobo 3 Umzobo webhloko yomgaqo kunye nomzobo wesekethe olinganayo wendlela yokukhutshwa kokumelana
Xa umthombo wangoku oqhubekayo kunye ne-I1 yangoku isetyenziswa njengomthwalo, umzobo weskimu kunye nomzobo wesekethe olinganayo uboniswe kuMzobo 7. E, i-I1 yimilinganiselo eqhubekayo kwaye i-r ihlala ixesha elithile.
Ukusuka kule fomyula ingasentla, sinokubona ukuba i-voltages ezimbini zika-A kunye no-B azitshintshi, oko kukuthi, amandla ombane ophumayo ebhetri awahambelani nobukhulu bokumelana nochungechunge kwi-loop, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, ayinanto yakwenza. kunye nokumelana ne-parasite. Ukongeza, imowudi yokulinganisa i-terminal emine inokufezekisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-voltage yokuphuma kwebhetri.
Umzobo 4 Umzobo webhloko elinganayo kunye nomzobo olinganayo wesekethe womthwalo oqhubekayo wangoku
Umthombo ohambelanayo sisixhobo sombane esinokubonelela ngokuqhubekayo kumthwalo. Isenokugcina imveliso yangoku ingaguquguquki xa unikezelo lwamandla lwangaphandle luguquguquka kunye neempawu ze-impedance zitshintsha.
Ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha izixhobo zovavanyo ngokubanzi zisebenzisa isixhobo se-semiconductor njengesixhobo sokuhamba. Ngokuhlengahlengisa umqondiso wolawulo lwesixhobo se-semiconductor, unokufanisa umthwalo weempawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nangoku rhoqo, uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kunye nokuchasana rhoqo kunye nokunye. Imowudi yovavanyo lokukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion ikakhulu ibandakanya ukukhutshwa kwangoku ngokuqhubekayo, ukukhutshwa okungapheliyo, ukukhutshwa kwamandla rhoqo, njl. Kwimowudi nganye yokukhupha, ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhefu kunokukwahlulwa, apho ngokubhekiselele kubude bexesha. ukukhutshwa kwekhefu kunokwahlulwa kukukhutshwa okuphakathi kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-pulse. Ngexesha lovavanyo lokukhupha, ibhetri ikhupha ngokwemowudi emiselweyo, kwaye iyeke ukukhupha emva kokufikelela kwimiqathango emiselweyo. Iimeko zokuyeka ukukhupha zibandakanya ukuseta ukucuthwa kombane, ukuseta ixesha lokucinywa, ukuseta ukucinywa kwamandla, ukuseta ukucuthwa kwe-voltage engalunganga, njl njl. kukuba, ukutshintshwa kwejika lokukhupha kuchaphazeleka kwakhona yinkqubo yokukhupha, kubandakanywa: ukukhutshwa kwangoku, ubushushu bokukhutshwa, ukukhutshwa kwe-voltage yokuphelisa; ukukhutshwa okwethutyana okanye okuqhubekayo. Ubuninzi bokukhutshwa kwangoku, ngokukhawuleza umbane osebenzayo wehla; kunye nobushushu bokukhutshwa, ijika lokukhupha litshintsha ngobunono.
(1) Ukukhutshwa rhoqo kwangoku
Xa ukukhutshwa kwangoku rhoqo, ixabiso langoku lisetyenzisiwe, kwaye ke ixabiso langoku lifikeleleke ngokulungelelanisa i-CNC yomthombo wangoku, ukwenzela ukuba uqaphele ukukhutshwa kwangoku kwebhetri. Ngexesha elifanayo, utshintsho lokuphela kombane webhetri luqokelelwa ukuze lubone iimpawu zokukhutshwa kwebhetri. Ukukhutshwa kwangoku rhoqo kukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kwangoku, kodwa i-voltage yebhetri iyaqhubeka nokuhla, ngoko amandla aqhubeka ehla. Umzobo we-5 yi-voltage kunye ne-curve yangoku yokukhutshwa rhoqo kwangoku kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwangoku rhoqo, i-axis yexesha iguqulwa ngokulula kumthamo (imveliso yangoku kunye nexesha) i-axis. Umzobo wesi-5 ubonisa ijika lomthamo wombane ekukhutshweni rhoqo kwangoku. Ukukhutshwa rhoqo ngoku yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimvavanyo zebhetri ye-lithium-ion.
Umzobo we-5 ukutshaja okuthe gqolo kombane wangoku kunye neegophe zokukhutshwa okuzingisileyo ngokwamazinga ahlukeneyo okuphindaphinda.
(2) Ukukhutshwa kwamandla rhoqo
Xa amandla ahlala ekhutshwa, ixabiso lamandla lamandla angaguqukiyo P limiselwa kuqala, kwaye i-voltage ephumayo ye-U yebhetri iqokelelwa. Kwinkqubo yokukhupha, i-P iyadingeka ukuba ihlale ihleli, kodwa i-U ihlala iguquka, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa ngokuqhubekayo i-I yangoku ye-CNC yomthombo okhoyo ngoku ngokuhambelana nefomula I = P / U ukufezekisa injongo yokukhutshwa kwamandla rhoqo. . Gcina amandla okukhutshwa angatshintshi, kuba i-voltage yebhetri iyaqhubeka nokuhla ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, ngoko ke i-current in the current power discharge iqhubeka nokunyuka. Ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwamandla rhoqo, i-axis yokulungelelanisa ixesha iguqulwa ngokulula ibe yi-energy (imveliso yamandla kunye nexesha) i-axis yokulungelelanisa.
Umzobo 6 Ukutshaja kwamandla rhoqo kunye nokukhupha iigophe kwiireyithi eziphindwe kabini ezahlukeneyo
Ukuthelekisa phakathi kokukhutshwa kwangoku rhoqo kunye nokukhutshwa kwamandla rhoqo
Umzobo 7: (a) umzobo wentlawulo kunye nokukhupha umthamo kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo; (b) ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ijika
Umzobo we-7 ubonisa iziphumo zentlawulo yomlinganiselo ohlukeneyo kunye neemvavanyo zokukhupha kwiindlela ezimbini ze lithium iron phosphate ibhetri. Ngokwegophe lomthamo kwi-FIG. 7 (a), ngokunyuka kwentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa kwangoku kwimodi eqhubekayo yangoku, intlawulo yangempela kunye nomthamo wokukhupha webhetri uyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa uluhlu lokutshintsha luncinci. Intlawulo yokwenyani kunye nomthamo wokukhupha ibhetri ngokuthe ngcembe iyancipha ngokunyuka kwamandla, kwaye ubukhulu be-multiplier, ngokukhawuleza ukubola kwamandla. Umthamo wokukhupha umthamo we-1 h uphantsi kunendlela yokuhamba rhoqo. Ngexesha elifanayo, xa izinga lokukhutshwa kwentlawulo lingaphantsi kwe-5 h, umthamo webhetri uphezulu phantsi kwemeko yamandla eqhubekayo, ngelixa umthamo webhetri uphezulu kunezinga le-5 liphezulu phantsi kwemeko yangoku.
Ukusuka kumfanekiso wesi-7 (b) ubonisa umthamo we-voltage curve, phantsi kwemeko yomlinganiselo ophantsi, i-lithium iron phosphate ibhetri imowudi ye-voltage curve, kunye ne-charge and discharge platform voltage change ayinkulu, kodwa phantsi kwemeko yomlinganiselo ophezulu, Imowudi yamandla ombane eqhubekayo yangoku yexesha lombane elingaguqukiyo ixesha elide kakhulu, kunye neqonga lokutshaja iqonga lombane lonyuke kakhulu, iqonga lokukhupha amandla lancitshiswa kakhulu.
(3) Ukukhutshwa rhoqo kokuchasana
Xa ukukhutshwa rhoqo kokumelana, ixabiso eliqhubekayo lokumelana ne-R libekwe kuqala ukuqokelela i-voltage ye-output yebhetri U. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, i-R iyadingeka ukuba ihlale ihleli, kodwa i-U ihlala iguquka, ngoko ke ixabiso langoku le-CNC langoku. umthombo kufuneka ulungelelaniswe rhoqo ngokwefomula I=U / R ukufezekisa injongo yokukhutshwa rhoqo kokumelana. I-voltage yebhetri ihlala iyancipha kwinkqubo yokukhupha, kwaye ukuchasana kuyafana, ngoko ke ukukhutshwa kwangoku ndiyinkqubo yokunciphisa.
(4) Ukukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo, ukukhutshwa okuphakathi kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-pulse
Ibhetri ikhutshwe ngokuqhubekayo, amandla aqhubekayo kunye nokuchasana rhoqo, ngelixa usebenzisa umsebenzi wexesha lokuqonda ukulawulwa kokukhutshwa okuqhubekayo, ukukhutshwa okuphakathi kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-pulse. Umzobo we-11 ubonisa iigophe zangoku kunye neejika zombane zentlawulo eqhelekileyo ye-pulse / test discharge.
Umzobo 8 Iigophe zangoku kunye neejika zombane zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokukhupha i-pulse charge-discharge
Ijika lokukhupha libhekisa kwigophe lombane, langoku, umthamo kunye nolunye utshintsho lwebhetri ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha. Ulwazi oluqulethwe kwi-curve yentlawulo kunye nokukhupha i-curve ityebile kakhulu, kubandakanywa umthamo, amandla, amandla ombane osebenzayo kunye neqonga lombane, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla e-electrode kunye nombuso wentlawulo, njl njl. Idatha ephambili erekhodiweyo ngexesha lovavanyo lokukhupha lixesha. ukuguquka kwamandla akhoyo kunye nombane. Iiparamitha ezininzi zinokufumaneka kwezi nkcukacha zisisiseko. Ezi zilandelayo zichaza iiparitha ezinokufumaneka nge-curve yokukhupha.
(1) Umbane
Kuvavanyo lokukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium ion, iiparamitha zombane ikakhulu ziquka iqonga lombane, i-voltage median, i-voltage ephakathi, i-voltage ye-cut-off, njl njl. , enokufunyanwa kwixabiso eliphezulu le-dQ / dV. Umbane ophakathi lixabiso lombane elihambelana nesiqingatha somthamo webhetri. Ukufumana izinto ezibonakalayo ngakumbi eqongeni, njenge-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-lithium titanate, i-voltage ye-median yi-voltage yeqonga. Umbane ophakathi yindawo esebenzayo yegophe lomthamo wombane (oko kukuthi, amandla okukhutshwa kwebhetri) eyahlulwe ngefomula yokubala umthamo ngu-u = U (t) * I (t) dt / I (t) dt. Amandla ombane asikiweyo abhekisa kowona mbane usezantsi uvumelekileyo xa ibhetri iphuma. Ukuba i-voltage iphantsi kune-discharge cut-off voltage, i-voltage kuzo zombini iziphelo zebhetri iya kuhla ngokukhawuleza, yenze ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo. Ukukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo kunokubangela umonakalo kwizinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode, kuphulukane namandla okusabela, kwaye kunciphise ubomi bebhetri. Njengoko kuchazwe kwinxalenye yokuqala, i-voltage yebhetri inxulumene nemeko yentlawulo yezinto ze-cathode kunye ne-electrode enokwenzeka.
(2) Umthamo kunye namandla athile
Umthamo webhetri ubhekiselele kwisixa sombane okhutshwe yibhetri phantsi kwenkqubo ethile yokukhupha (phantsi kwesixhobo esithile sokukhupha i-I, ubushushu bokukhutshwa kwe-T, ukukhupha i-voltage ye-V), ebonisa ukukwazi kwebhetri ukugcina amandla kwi-Ah okanye i-C. Umthamo uchaphazeleka ngezinto ezininzi, ezifana nokukhupha okwangoku, ubushushu bokukhutshwa, njl njl.
Umthamo wethiyori: Umthamo wethiyori: umthamo onikwe yinto esebenzayo kwimpendulo.
Amandla okwenene: obona mthamo bakhutshwa phantsi kwenkqubo ethile yokukhupha.
Umthamo olinganisiweyo: ubhekiselele kubuncinane bobungakanani bamandla aqinisekiswe yibhetri phantsi kweemeko eziyilelweyo zokukhupha.
Kuvavanyo lokukhutshwa, umthamo ubalwa ngokudibanisa okwangoku ngexesha, oko kukuthi C = I (t) dt, i-current current in t ukukhutshwa rhoqo, C = I (t) dt = I t; ukuxhathisa rhoqo ukukhutshwa kwe-R, C = I (t) dt = (1 / R) * U (t) dt (1 / R) * ngaphandle (u ngumyinge wokukhupha i-voltage, t lixesha lokukhutshwa).
Umthamo okhethekileyo: Ukuze uthelekise iibhetri ezahlukeneyo, ingcamango yomthamo othile iyaziswa. Umthamo othile ubhekisa kumthamo onikwe yinto esebenzayo yobunzima beyunithi okanye iyunithi yevolumu ye-electrode, ebizwa ngokuba bubunzima obuthile bomthamo okanye umthamo othe ngqo wevolumu. Indlela yokubala yesiqhelo yile: umthamo othile = umthamo webhetri wokuqala wokukhupha / (ubunzima bento esebenzayo * ireyithi yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi)
Izinto ezichaphazela umthamo webhetri:
a. Ukukhutshwa kwangoku kwebhetri: inkulu ngoku, umthamo wokukhupha uyancipha;
b. Ukushisa kokukhutshwa kwebhetri: xa izinga lokushisa liyancipha, umthamo wokukhupha uyancipha;
c. Ukukhutshwa kwe-voltage ye-electrode cut-off yebhetri: ixesha lokukhutshwa elibekwe yi-electrode material kunye nomda we-electrode reaction ngokwayo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-3.0V okanye i-2.75V.
d. Ukuhlawula kunye namaxesha okukhutshwa kwebhetri: emva kokuhlawuliswa okuninzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri, ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwezinto ze-electrode, ibhetri iya kukwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wokukhupha ibhetri.
e. Iimeko zokutshaja ibhetri: izinga lokutshaja, ubushushu, i-voltage enqunyiweyo ichaphazela umthamo webhetri, ngaloo ndlela imisela umthamo wokukhupha.
Indlela yokumisela umthamo webhetri:
Amashishini ahlukeneyo anemigangatho yovavanyo eyahlukeneyo ngokweemeko zokusebenza. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiimveliso ze-3C, ngokomgangatho wesizwe we-GB / T18287-2000 Ukucaciswa ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-Lithium-ion kwi-Cellular Telephone, indlela yokuvavanya umthamo webhetri yile ilandelayo: a) ukutshaja: 0.2C5A ukutshaja; b) ukukhupha: 0.2C5A ukukhutshwa; c) Imijikelo emihlanu, apho omnye ufanelekile.
Kwishishini lezithuthi zombane, ngokwemigangatho yesizwe ye-GB / T 31486-2015 Iimfuno zokuSebenza koMbane kunye neendlela zoVavanyo lwebhetri yaMandla kwiZithuthi zoMbane, umthamo olinganisiweyo webhetri ubhekisa kumthamo (Ah) okhutshwe yibhetri kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi. kunye ne-1I1 (A) ukukhutshwa kwangoku ukufikelela kwi-voltage yokuphelisa, apho i-I1 i-1 iyure yokukhupha i-current, ixabiso layo lilingana ne-C1 (A). Indlela yovavanyo yile:
A) Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, yeka i-voltage engaguqukiyo xa utshaja ngokutshaja rhoqo kwangoku kwi-voltage yokuphelisa ukutshaja echazwe lishishini, kwaye yeka ukutshaja xa ukupheliswa kokutshaja ngoku kuhla ukuya kwi-0.05I1 (A), kwaye ubambe ukutshaja kwe-1h emva ukutshaja.
Bb) Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ibhetri ikhutshwe nge-1I1 (A) yangoku de ukukhutshwa kufikelele kumbane wokuphelisa ukukhutshwa ochazwe kwiimeko zobugcisa beshishini;
C) umlinganiselo wokukhupha umthamo (ulinganiswe ngu-Ah), ubale ukukhupha amandla athile (kulinganiswa nguWh / kg);
3 d) Phinda amanyathelo a) -) c) amaxesha ama-5. Xa umahluko ogqithiseleyo weemvavanyo ezi-3 ezilandelelanayo ungaphantsi kwe-3% yomthamo olinganisiweyo, uvavanyo lunokugqitywa kwangaphambili kwaye iziphumo zeemvavanyo ezi-3 zokugqibela zinokulinganiswa.
(3) Ubume bentlawulo, i-SOC
I-SOC (iState of Charge) yimeko yentlawulo, emele umlinganiselo womthamo oseleyo webhetri ukuya kwimeko yokutshaja ngokupheleleyo emva kwexesha elithile okanye ixesha elide phantsi komlinganiselo othile wokukhutshwa. Indlela "yombane ovulekileyo wesekethe + yokudityaniswa kwexesha leyure" isebenzisa indlela yamandla ombane ovulelekileyo ukuqikelela umthamo wokuqala wokutshaja webhetri, emva koko isebenzisa indlela yokudityaniswa kwexesha leyure ukufumana amandla asetyenziswe ngumbane. -ixesha lokudibanisa indlela. Amandla asetyenzisiweyo yimveliso yokukhutshwa kwangoku kunye nexesha lokukhutshwa, kwaye amandla asele alingana nomahluko phakathi kwamandla okuqala kunye namandla asetyenzisiweyo. Uqikelelo lwezibalo lwe-SOC phakathi kombane ovulekileyo wesekethe kunye neyure edityanisiweyo yile:
Apho i-CN iyindawo elinganisiweyo; η kukuhlawula-ukukhupha ukusebenza kakuhle; T yiqondo lobushushu bokusetyenziswa kwebhetri; Ndingumjelo webhetri; Lixesha lokukhutshwa kwebhetri.
I-DOD (Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa) bubunzulu bokukhutshwa, umlinganiselo weqondo lokukhutshwa, okuyipesenti yomthamo wokukhupha umthamo wokukhupha. Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa bunobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nobomi bebhetri: ubunzulu obunzulu bokukhutshwa, bufutshane ubomi. Ubudlelwane bubalwa kwi-SOC = 100% -DOD
4) Amandla kunye namandla athile
Amandla ombane enokuthi ibhetri iwakhuphe ngokwenza umsebenzi wangaphandle phantsi kweemeko ezithile kuthiwa amandla ebhetri, kwaye iyunithi ibonakaliswa ngokubanzi nge-wh. Kwi-curve yokukhupha, amandla abalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: W = U (t) * I (t) dt. Ukukhutshwa rhoqo kwangoku, W = I * U (t) dt = It * u (u yi-avareji yokukhutshwa kombane, t lixesha lokukhutshwa)
a. Amandla enkcazo-bungcali
Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwebhetri ikwimeko yokulinganisa, kwaye i-voltage yokukhupha igcina ixabiso le-electromotive force (E), kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo yi-100%. Ngaphantsi kwalo mqathango, amandla aphumayo ebhetri ngamandla e-theoretical, oko kukuthi, umsebenzi ophezulu owenziwe yibhetri eguqulwayo phantsi kobushushu obuqhubekayo kunye noxinzelelo.
b. Amandla okwenene
Amandla aphumayo okukhutshwa kwebhetri abizwa ngokuba ngamandla okwenene, imimiselo yoshishino lwesithuthi sombane ("GB / T 31486-2015 IiMfuno zokuSebenza koMbane weBattery yaMandla kunye neendlela zoVavanyo lweZithuthi zombane"), ibhetri kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunye ne-1I1 (A). ) ukukhutshwa kwangoku, ukufikelela kumandla (Wh) akhutshwe ngamandla ombane wokuyeka, abizwa ngokuba ngamandla alinganisiweyo.
c. amandla athile
Amandla anikwa ibhetri ngeyunithi yobunzima kunye nomthamo weyunithi nganye abizwa ngokuba ngamandla athile obunzima okanye amandla athile omthamo, okwabizwa ngokuba yingxinano yamandla. Kwiiyunithi ze-wh / kg okanye i-wh / L.
Eyona ndlela isisiseko yegophe lokukhupha lixesha lombane kunye nexesha langoku. Ngokuguqulwa kokubala kwe-axis yexesha, igophe lokukhupha eliqhelekileyo likwanayo i-voltage-capacity (specific capacity) ijika, i-voltage-energy (amandla athile) ijika, i-voltage-SOC curve njalo njalo.
(1) Ixesha le-voltage kunye nexesha langoku
Umzobo 9 I-Voltage-time kunye ne-curves-time-curves
(2) Ijika le-voltage-capacity
Umzobo 10 Ijika le-Voltage-capacity
(3) Ijika le-Voltage-energy
Umzobo 11. Ijika le-Voltage-energy
phendula kwiiyure ezi-6, nayiphi na imibuzo yamkelekile!
