I-Hong Kong CityU EES: Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo ephefumlelwe ngamalungu omntu

Imvelaphi yophando

Ukunyuka kwemfuno yeemveliso ze-elektroniki kukhuthaze uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zokugcina eziguquguqukayo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamandla kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iibhetri ze-lithium ion eziguquguqukayo (Ii-LIBs) ezinoxinano olukhulu lwamandla kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwe-electrochemical zithathwa njengeyona teknoloji ithembisayo yebhetri yeemveliso zombane ezinxitywayo. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwee-electrode zefilimu ebhityileyo kunye nee-electrode ezisekwe kwipolymer kuphucula kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwee-LIBs, kukho ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

(1) Uninzi lweebhetri eziguquguqukayo zifakwe "nge-electrode-negative-separator-positive electrode," kunye nokukhubazeka kwabo okulinganiselweyo kunye ne-slippage phakathi kwee-stacks ezininzi zithintela ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwe-LIBs;

(2) Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ngakumbi, ezinje ngokusonga, ukolula, ukujija, kunye nokuguqulwa okuntsonkothileyo, ayinakuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhetri;

(3) Inxalenye yesicwangciso soyilo siyayihoxisa i-deformation yomqokeleli wesinyithi yangoku.

Ke ngoko, kwangaxeshanye ukufezekisa i-engile yayo yokugoba encinci, iindlela ezininzi zokuguqula, ukuqina komatshini, kunye nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kusajongene nemingeni emininzi.

intshayelelo

Kutshanje, uNjingalwazi uChunyi Zhi kunye noGqr. Cuiping Han weYunivesithi yeSixeko saseHong Kong bapapashe iphepha elinesihloko esithi "Uyilo lolwakhiwo oluphefumlelweyo lomntu lwebhetri egobekayo/esongekayo/eyolulekayo/ejijekayo: ukufezekisa ukukhubazeka okuninzi” kwi-Energy Environ. Sci. Lo msebenzi waphefumlelwa yisakhiwo samalungu omntu kwaye wayila uhlobo lwee-LIB eziguquguqukayo ezifana nenkqubo edibeneyo. Ngokusekwe kolu yilo lwenoveli, ibhetri elungisiweyo, eguquguqukayo inokufikelela kumandla aphezulu kwaye igobe okanye isongwe kwi-180 °. Kwangaxeshanye, ulwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lunokutshintshwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujija ukuze ii-LIB eziguquguqukayo zibe nobutyebi obutyebileyo bokuguquguquka, zinokufakwa kuguquko oluqatha kakhulu noluntsokothileyo (ukujija kunye nokujija), kwaye zinokolulwa, kwaye amandla azo okuguqula kude ngaphaya kweengxelo zangaphambili zee-LIB eziguquguqukayo. Uhlalutyo lokulinganisa olugqityiweyo luqinisekisile ukuba ibhetri eyenzelwe kweli phepha ayiyi kudlula kwi-deformation yeplastiki engaguqukiyo yomqokeleli wentsimbi yangoku phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinzima kunye nezinzima. Kwangaxeshanye, ibhetri yeyunithi yesikwere edityanisiweyo inokufikelela kuxinzelelo lwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-371.9 Wh/L, eyi-92.9% yebhetri yesiqhelo ethambileyo. Ukongeza, inokugcina ukusebenza komjikelo ozinzile nasemva kwamaxesha angaphezu kwama-200,000 okugoba okuguquguqukayo kunye namaxesha angama-25,000 okuphazamiseka okuguquguqukayo.

Uphando olongezelelweyo lubonisa ukuba i-cylindrical unit cell edibeneyo inokumelana ne-deformation enzima kunye neyinkimbinkimbi. Emva kokungaphezulu kwe-100,000 yokwelula okuguquguqukayo, i-20,000 twists, kunye ne-100,000 yokugoba i-deformations, isenokufikelela kumthamo ophezulu ongaphezulu kwe-88%-izinga lokugcinwa. Ke ngoko, ii-LIBs eziguquguqukayo ezicetywayo kweli phepha zibonelela ngethemba elikhulu losetyenziso olusebenzayo kwizinto ezinxitywayo zombane.

Iziphumo eziphambili zophando

I-1) Ii-LIB eziguquguqukayo, eziphefumlelwe ngamajoyina abantu, ziyakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza komjikelo ozinzile phantsi kokugoba, ukujija, ukunweba, kunye nokuguqulwa kokuguquka;

2

(3) Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokujija zinokutshintsha ukumila kwesitaki sebhetri kwaye zinike ibhetri ukukhubazeka okwaneleyo.

Isikhokelo somzobo

Uphando lubonise ukuba, ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokuguqulwa okuntsonkothileyo, uyilo lolwakhiwo kufuneka luphephe ukuguqulwa kweplastiki yomqokeleli wangoku. Ukulinganisa okulinganiselweyo kubonisa ukuba eyona ndlela ingcono yomqokeleli wangoku kufuneka ibe kukuthintela umqokeleli wangoku ukuba abe ne-radius encinci yokugoba ngexesha lenkqubo yokugoba ukuphepha ukuguqulwa kweplastiki kunye nomonakalo ongenakuguqulwa womqokeleli wangoku.

Umzobo 1a ubonisa ukwakheka kwamalungu omntu, apho idizayini yomphezulu egobileyo ngobuchule inceda amalungu ukuba ajikeleze kakuhle. Ngokusekwe koku, uMzobo we-1b ubonisa i-anode ye-graphite anode/diaphragm/lithium cobaltate (LCO), enokuthi ifakwe kwi-square stack stack structure. Kwisiphambuka, siquka izitaki ezibini ezingqindilili kunye nenxalenye eguqukayo. Okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, isitakhi esishinyeneyo sinomphezulu ogobileyo olingana nesigqubuthelo sethambo esidibeneyo, esinceda uxinzelelo lwe-buffer kwaye lubonelele ngomthamo wokuqala webhetri eguqukayo. Ingxenye ye-elastic isebenza njenge-ligament, idibanisa i-stacks eqinile kunye nokubonelela ukuguquguquka (Umfanekiso 1c). Ukongeza kwi-winging kwi-square pile, iibhetri ezine-cylindrical okanye iiseli ze-triangular nazo zinokuveliswa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuguqula (Umfanekiso 1d). Kwii-LIB eziguquguqukayo ezineeyunithi zokugcina amandla ezikwere, amacandelo adibeneyo aya kuqengqeleka ecaleni kwendawo ene-arc ye-stack engqingqwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokugoba (Umfanekiso 1e), ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa kakhulu ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri eguquguqukayo. Ukongezelela, nge-elastic polymer encapsulation, ii-LIB eziguquguqukayo ezineeyunithi ze-cylindrical zinokufikelela kwiipropati ezinokwelula kunye neziguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 1f).

Umzobo we-1 (a) Uyilo lokudityaniswa kwe-ligament ekhethekileyo kunye ne-curved surface kubalulekile ukufezekisa ukuguquguquka; (b) Umzobo wenkqubo yebhetri ebhetyebhetye kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa; (c) ithambo lihambelana ne-stack electrode stack, kunye ne-ligament ihambelana ne-unrolled (D) Isakhiwo sebhetri eguquguqukayo kunye neeseli ze-cylindrical kunye ne-triangular; (e) Ukupakisha umzobo weskim seeseli ezisikwere; (f) Ukolula ukuguqulwa kweeseli zecylindrical.

Ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi kohlalutyo lokulinganisa oomatshini luqinisekisile ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sebhetri eguquguqukayo. Umzobo we-2a ubonisa ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo lwe-copper kunye ne-aluminium foil xa igobile kwi-cylinder (180 ° radian). Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-copper kunye ne-aluminium foil luphantsi kakhulu kunamandla abo okuvelisa, okubonisa ukuba le deformation ayiyi kubangela ukuguqulwa kweplastiki. Umqokeleli wesinyithi wangoku unokuphepha umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa.

Umzobo we-2b ubonisa ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo xa iqondo lokugoba liye landa ngakumbi, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-foil yobhedu kunye ne-aluminium foil nayo ingaphantsi kwamandla abo emveliso ehambelanayo. Ke ngoko, ulwakhiwo lunokumelana ne-deformation esongwayo ngelixa lugcina ukuqina okuhle. Ukongeza kwi-deformation yokugoba, inkqubo inokufikelela kwinqanaba elithile lokuphazamiseka (Umfanekiso 2c).

Kwiibhetri ezineeyunithi ze-cylindrical, ngenxa yeempawu zendalo zesangqa, zinokufikelela kwi-deformation enzima kunye neyinkimbinkimbi. Ngoko ke, xa ibhetri igoqwe kwi-180o (Umfanekiso 2d, e), yolulelwe malunga ne-140% yobude bokuqala (Umfanekiso 2f), kwaye iguqulwe kwi-90o (Umfanekiso 2g), inokugcina uzinzo lomatshini. Ukongeza, xa ukugoba + ukujija kunye nokuguqulwa kokuguquka kusetyenziswe ngokwahlukileyo, ulwakhiwo oluyiliweyo lwe-LIBs aluyi kubangela ukuguqulwa kweplastiki okungaguqukiyo komqokeleli wentsimbi yangoku phantsi kobunzima obuhlukeneyo kunye nokukhubazeka okunzima.

Umfanekiso wesi-2 (ac) Iziphumo zokulinganisa izinto ezigqibeleleyo zeseli yesikwere phantsi kokugoba, ukugotywa, kunye nokujija; +

Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical yebhetri eguquguqukayo eyenzelwe, i-LiCoO2 isetyenziswe njengesixhobo se-cathode ukuvavanya umthamo wokukhupha kunye nokuzinza komjikelo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 3a, umthamo wokukhupha ibhetri kunye neeseli zesikwele awuncitshiswa kakhulu emva kokuba indiza ikhubazeke ukuba igobe, ikhala, igobe, kwaye ijikwe kwi-1 C yokukhulisa, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuguqulwa komatshini akuyi kubangela ukuyila ibhetri eguquguqukayo ukuba ibe yi-electrochemically Performance drops. Nangona emva kokugoba okuguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 3c, d) kunye ne-torsion eguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 3e, f), kwaye emva kwenani elithile lemijikelezo, iqonga lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha kunye nokusebenza komjikelo omde akukho tshintsho lucacileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba isakhiwo sangaphakathi ibhetri ikhuselwe kakuhle.

Umzobo 3 (a) Ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha uvavanyo lweyunithi yesikwere yebhetri phantsi kwe-1C; (b) Ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ijika phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo; (c, d) Phantsi kokugoba okuguquguqukayo, ukusebenza komjikelo webhetri kunye nentlawulo ehambelanayo kunye nejiko lokukhupha; F

Iziphumo zokuhlalutya ukulinganisa zibonisa ukuba ngenxa yeempawu zendalo zesangqa, i-LIBs eguquguqukayo enezinto ze-cylindrical inokumelana nokukhubazeka okugqithisileyo kunye nobunzima. Ngoko ke, ukubonisa ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical ye-LIB eguquguqukayo yeyunithi ye-cylindrical, uvavanyo lwenziwa kwizinga le-1 C, elibonisa ukuba xa ibhetri ihlanjululwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, akukho phantse utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-electrochemical. I-deformation ayiyi kubangela ukuba ijika le-voltage litshintshe (Umfanekiso 4a, b).

Ukuvavanya ngakumbi ibhetri ye-cylindrical ukuzinza kwe-electrochemical kunye nokuqina komatshini, ibeke ibhetri kuvavanyo lomthwalo ozenzekelayo kwizinga le-1 C. Uphando lubonisa ukuba emva kokwelula okuguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso we-4c, d), i-torsion eguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 4e, f) , kunye ne-dynamic bending + torsion (Umfanekiso we-4g, h), ukusebenza komjikelo wokuhlawulwa kwebhetri kunye ne-curve voltage ehambelanayo ayichaphazeleki. Umzobo we-4i ubonisa ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye neyunithi yokugcina amandla anemibala. Umthamo wokukhutshwa ubola ukusuka kwi-133.3 mAm g-1 ukuya kwi-129.9 mAh g-1, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngomjikelezo ngu-0.04% kuphela, ebonisa ukuba i-deformation ayiyi kuchaphazela umjikelezo wayo wokuzinza kunye nomthamo wokukhupha.

Umzobo we-4 (a) Ukuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa komjikelezo wokuvavanywa kolungelelwaniso oluhlukeneyo lweeseli ze-cylindrical kwi-1 C; (b) Intlawulo ehambelanayo kunye neegophe zokukhupha ibhetri phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo; (c, d) Ukusebenza komjikelo kunye nokutshaja kwebhetri phantsi koxinzelelo oluguqukayo Igophe lokukhupha; (e, f) ukusebenza komjikelo webhetri phantsi kokushukuma okuguquguqukayo kunye nejiko ehambelanayo yokutshaja-ukukhupha phantsi kwemijikelo eyahlukeneyo; (g, h) ukusebenza komjikelo webhetri phantsi kokugoba okuguquguqukayo + ukushukuma kunye nejiko ehambelanayo yokukhupha intlawulo phantsi kwemijikelo eyahlukeneyo; (I) Ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha uvavanyo lweebhetri zeyunithi yeprismatic kunye nolungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo kwi-1 C.

Ukuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri eguquguqukayo ephuhlisiwe ekusebenzeni, umbhali usebenzisa iibhetri ezipheleleyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla ukuze anike amandla ezinye iimveliso ze-elektroniki zorhwebo, ezifana nee-earphones, ii-smartwatches, abalandeli bombane abancinci, izixhobo zokuthambisa, kunye neefowuni ezihlakaniphile. Zombini zanele ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, zibandakanya ngokupheleleyo amandla osetyenziso lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki eziguquguqukayo kunye nokunxibayo.

Umzobo wesi-5 usebenzisa ibhetri eyilelweyo kwii-earphone, ii-smartwatches, abalandeli bombane abancinci, izixhobo zokuthambisa, kunye nee-smartphones. Ibhetri ebhetyebhetye inika amandla (a) ii-earphone, (b) ii-smartwatches, kunye (c) neefeni zombane ezincinci; (d) unikezela ngombane kwisixhobo sokuthambisa; (e) phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoguqulo, ibhetri ebhetyebhetye inika amandla kwii-smartphones.

Isishwankathelo kunye nembonakalo

Isishwankathelo, eli nqaku liphefumlelwe yisakhiwo samalungu omntu. Iphakamisa indlela yoyilo eyodwa yokwenza ibhetri ebhetyebhetye enoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ukukhubazeka okuninzi, kunye nokuqina. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-LIBs zendabuko eziguquguqukayo, olu yilo lutsha lunokuphepha ngokufanelekileyo ukuguqulwa kweplastiki yomqokeleli wentsimbi yangoku. Ngexesha elifanayo, iindawo ezigobileyo ezigcinwe kuzo zombini iziphelo zeyunithi yokugcina amandla eyenzelwe kweli phepha inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwamacandelo adibeneyo. Ukongeza, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokujija zinokutshintsha ukumila kwesitaki, ukunika ibhetri ukukhubazeka okwaneleyo. Ibhetri eguquguqukayo ibonisa ukuzinza okugqwesileyo komjikelo kunye nokuqina koomatshini ngenxa yoyilo lwenoveli kwaye inethemba elibanzi losetyenziso kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki eziguquguqukayo kunye nokunxibayo.

Ikhonkco loncwadi

Uyilo lwesakhiwo esiphefumlelweyo somntu kwibhetri egobekayo / esongelayo / enwebekayo / ejijwayo: ukufezekisa ukukhubazeka okuninzi. (Amandla okusingqongileyo. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00480H)