UJohn Goodenough: Imbasa yeNobel kunye noVulindlela weLithium Battery Technology

UJohn Goodenough, owafumana iBhaso leNobel eneminyaka engama-97 ubudala, bubungqina bebinzana elithi “Goodenough” - eneneni, ungaphezulu nje kokuba "ulungile ngokwaneleyo" ekubumbeni zombini ubomi bakhe kunye nekamva lomntu.

UGoodenough owazalwa ngoJulayi 25, 1922, eUnited States, waba lilolo. Isoyikiso esihlala sihleli soqhawulo-mtshato phakathi kwabazali bakhe kunye nomntakwabo omdala owayezixakekise ngobomi bakhe kwakhokelela ekubeni uGoodenough asoloko efumana intuthuzelo eyedwa, enenja yakhe kuphela, uMack, yenkampani. Ukuzabalaza ne-dyslexia, ukusebenza kwakhe kwezemfundo kwakungeyonto intle. Nangona kunjalo, uthando lwakhe ngendalo, lwaphuhliswa ngexesha lokuzulazula ehlathini, ukubamba amabhabhathane kunye ne-groundhogs, lukhulise umdla wokuhlola nokuqonda iimfihlelo zendalo.

Engenalo uthando lukamama kwaye ejongene noqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali bakhe ngexesha leminyaka yakhe yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, uGoodenough wayezimisele ukugqwesa ezifundweni. Ngaphandle kobunzima bezemali kunye nokujongana nemisebenzi yesingxungxo ukuze afikelele kwimfundo yakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseYale, wazingisa iminyaka yakhe yesidanga sokuqala, nangona engagxininisi kwimfundo ecacileyo.

Ubomi bukaGoodenough batshintsha xa wayesebenza kuMkhosi woMoya wase-US ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, kamva watshintsha ukuze alandele iphupha lakhe kwisayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago. Ngaphandle kokuthandabuza okokuqala koonjingalwazi bakhe ngenxa yobudala bakhe, uGoodenough akazange atyhafe. Izifundo zakhe zobugqirha kwifiziksi kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago kunye neminyaka engama-24 eyalandelayo kwiLebhu yaseLincoln yaseMIT, apho wahlola intshukumo ye-lithium-ion kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye nophando olusisiseko kwiiseramics zombuso oqinileyo, wabeka isiseko sempumelelo yakhe yexesha elizayo.

Yayiyingxaki yeoli ka-1973 eyathi yajolisa ujoliso lukaGoodenough kugcino lwamandla. Ngo-1976, phakathi kokuncitshiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, wafudukela kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford ye-Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, ephawula inguqu ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wakhe oneminyaka engama-54.

Uphando lukaGoodenough ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, ixesha apho iimveliso ze-elektroniki zazisiya zithandwa, zazibalulekile. Waphuhlisa ibhetri entsha ye-lithium usebenzisa i-lithium cobalt oxide kunye negraphite, eyona nto yayihlangene, yayinomthamo ophezulu, kwaye yayikhuselekile kuneenguqulelo zangaphambili. Olu qulunqo lwaguqula iteknoloji yebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko, nangona engazange azuze ngemali kule shishini leebhiliyoni zeedola.

Ngo-1986, ebuyela e-US, uGoodenough waqhubeka nophando lwakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas e-Austin. Ngo-1997, eneminyaka engama-75 ubudala, wafumanisa i-lithium iron phosphate, i-cathode engabizi kwaye ikhuselekile, iqhubela phambili iteknoloji ye-elektroniki ephathekayo. Nakwiminyaka engama-90, watshintshela kugxininiso lwakhe kwiibhetri zombuso oqinileyo, engumzekelo wokufunda nobomi bakhe bonke.

Kwiminyaka engama-97, xa wafumana ibhaso leNobel, yayingesosiphelo sikaGoodenough. Uyaqhubeka nokusebenza, ejonge ukuphuhlisa ibhetri ephezulu yokugcina amandla elanga kunye nomoya. Umbono wakhe kukubona ihlabathi elingenakukhutshwa kweemoto, iphupha anethemba lokulizalisekisa ebomini bakhe.

Uhambo lobomi lukaJohn Goodenough, oluphawulwe kukufunda ngokungayekiyo kunye nokoyisa imiceli mngeni, lubonisa ukuba akukaze kube kudala kakhulu ukuba kuzuzwe ubukhulu. Ibali lakhe liyaqhubeka njengoko eqhubeka elandela ulwazi kunye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha.