Iibhetri ezikwimeko eqinileyo: indlela yebhetri yesizukulwana esilandelayo

Iibhetri ezikwimeko eqinileyo: indlela yebhetri yesizukulwana esilandelayo

Ngomhla we-14 kuMeyi, ngokutsho kwe "Korea Times" kunye nezinye iingxelo zeendaba, i-Samsung iceba ukusebenzisana ne-Hyundai ukuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane kunye nokubonelela ngeebhetri zamandla kunye nezinye iindawo zemoto ezixhunyiwe kwizithuthi zombane ze-Hyundai. Imithombo yeendaba iqikelela ukuba i-Samsung kunye ne-Hyundai kungekudala baya kusayina imemorandam engabophelelanga yokuqonda malunga nokunikezelwa kwebhetri. Kuxelwe ukuba i-Samsung yazisa ibhetri yayo yamva nje eqinileyo kwaHyundai.

Ngokutsho kwe-Samsung, xa ibhetri yayo ye-prototype ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, inokuvumela imoto yombane ukuba iqhube ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ze-800 ngexesha, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo webhetri amaxesha angaphezu kwe-1,000. Umthamo wayo ngu-50% encinci kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion yomthamo ofanayo. Ngesi sizathu, iibhetri eziqinileyo zithathwa njengezona bhetri zamandla zifanelekileyo kwizithuthi zombane kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi 2020, Samsung Institute for Advanced Study (SAIT) kunye Samsung Research Centre of Japan (SRJ) yapapasha "High-eneji elide-ibhayisekile zonke-eluqilima-state iibhetri zentsimbi lithium yenziwe ngesilivere" kwimagazini "Nature Energy". -I-anode ye-Carbon composite" yazisa uphuhliso lwazo lwamva nje kwintsimi yeebhetri eziqinileyo.

Le bhetri isebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo, engatshiyo kumaqondo aphezulu kwaye inokuthintela ukukhula kwe-lithium dendrites ukuphepha ukubhoboza imijikelezo emfutshane. Ukongeza, isebenzisa i-silver-carbon (Ag-C) umaleko we-composite njenge-anode, enokunyusa uxinano lwamandla ukuya kwi-900Wh / L, inobomi obude bomjikelezo ongaphezu kwemijikelezo ye-1000, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-coulombic (intlawulo kunye nempumelelo yokukhutshwa) ye-99.8%. Iyakwazi ukuqhuba ibhetri emva kwentlawulo enye. Imoto yahamba iikhilomitha ezingama-800.

Nangona kunjalo, i-SAIT kunye ne-SRJ epapashe iphepha ngamaziko ophando lwesayensi kunokuba i-Samsung SDI, egxile kwi-teknoloji. Inqaku licacisa kuphela umgaqo webhetri entsha, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza. Kucingelwa ukuba ibhetri isekwinqanaba lelebhu kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuvelisa ngobuninzi ngexesha elifutshane.

Umahluko phakathi kweebhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo kunye neebhetri zelithium-ion zemveli kukuba i-electrolytes eqinile isetyenziswa endaweni yee-electrolytes kunye nezahluli. Akuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-lithium-intercalated graphite anodes. Kunoko, i-lithium yensimbi isetyenziswa njenge-anode, enciphisa inani lezinto ze-anode. Iibhetri zamandla ezinoxinano lwamandla aphezulu emzimbeni (>350Wh/kg) kunye nobomi obude (>5000 imijikelo), kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo (efana nokuguquguquka) kunye nezinye iimfuno.

Iibhetri zenkqubo entsha zibandakanya iibhetri ze-slid-state, iibhetri ze-lithium flow, kunye neebhetri zomoya wesinyithi. Iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo zintathu zineenzuzo zazo. Iipolymers electrolytes zi-electrolyte eziphilayo, kwaye ii-oxides neesulfide zi-electrolyte ze-inorganic ceramic.

Ukujonga kwiinkampani zehlabathi eziqinileyo zebhetri, kukho abaqalisi, kwaye kukho nabavelisi bamazwe ngamazwe. Iinkampani zizodwa kwinkqubo ye-electrolyte eneenkolelo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye akukho mkhwa wokuhamba kwetekhnoloji okanye ukudibanisa. Okwangoku, ezinye iindlela zobugcisa zikufutshane neemeko zoshishino, kwaye indlela eya kwi-automation yeebhetri eziqinileyo sele iqhubekile.

Iinkampani zaseYurophu naseMelika zikhetha iinkqubo zepolymer kunye ne-oxide. Inkampani yaseFransi iBolloré ikhokele ekurhwebeni kweebhetri zepolymer-based solid-state. NgoDisemba i-2011, izithuthi zayo zombane ezixhaswe yi-30kwh iibhetri zepolymer eziqinileyo zombane + ii-capacitors zombane eziphindwe kabini zangena kwimarike yemoto ekwabelwana ngayo, eyayiyiyokuqala emhlabeni. Iibhetri eziqinileyo zoRhwebo kwii-EVs.

I-Sakti3, i-film-film oxide eqinile-ibhetri yomenzi webhetri, yafunyanwa yi-Bhritane yesixhobo sasekhaya se-Dyson ngo-2015. imveliso yemveliso ixesha elide.

Icebo likaMaxwell leebhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo kukungena kwimarike encinci yebhetri kuqala, ukuvelisa ngobuninzi ngo-2020, kwaye uyisebenzise kwintsimi yokugcina amandla ngo-2022. Ngenxa yesicelo sorhwebo olukhawulezayo, uMaxwell unokuqala ukucinga ngokuzama isiqingatha- iibhetri eziqinileyo kwixesha elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ezizii-semi-solid zibiza kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezifunwa kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza usetyenziso lwezinga elikhulu lube nzima.

Iimveliso ze-oksidi ezingezizo ifilimu zisebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi kwaye zithandwa ngoku kuphuhliso. Bobabini iTaiwan Huineng kunye neJiangsu Qingdao ngabadlali abaziwayo kule ngoma.

Iinkampani zaseJapan nezaseKorea zizimisele ngakumbi ekusombululeni iingxaki zoshishino lwenkqubo yesulfide. Iinkampani ezimeleyo ezifana neToyota kunye ne-Samsung ziye zakhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa kwazo. Iibhetri zeSulfide solid-state (iibhetri zelithium-sulphur) zinamandla amakhulu okukhula ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Phakathi kwabo, iteknoloji yeToyota yeyona iphambili. Ikhuphe iibhetri zeDemo yenqanaba le-ampere kunye nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical. Kwangaxeshanye, basebenzise i-LGPS eneqondo eliphezulu lokuqhuba ubushushu begumbi njenge-electrolyte ukulungiselela ipakethi yebhetri enkulu.

IJapan iqalise inkqubo yophando nophuhliso kwilizwe lonke. Olona manyano luthembisayo yiToyota kunye nePanasonic (iToyota ineenjineli eziphantse zibe ngama-300 ezibandakanyekayo ekuphuhliseni iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo). Yathi izakurhweba ngeebhetri zombuso oqinileyo kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu.

Isicwangciso sokurhweba zonke iibhetri ezizinzile eziphuhliswe yiToyota kunye ne-NEDO iqala ngokuphuhlisa iibhetri zelizwe lonke (iibhetri zesizukulwana sokuqala) usebenzisa i-LIB ekhoyo kunye nezinto ezinobungozi. Emva koko, Iza kusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezintle nezimbi ukunyusa ubuninzi bamandla (iibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo). I-Toyota ilindeleke ukuba ivelise i-prototypes yezithuthi zombane eziqinileyo kwi-2022, kwaye Iza kusebenzisa iibhetri eziqinileyo kwezinye iimodeli kwi-2025. Ngo-2030, ubuninzi bamandla bunokufikelela kwi-500Wh / kg ukufezekisa izicelo zokuvelisa ubuninzi.

Ngokwembono yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, phakathi kwabafaki-zicelo belungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza abaphezulu be-20 yeebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo, iinkampani zaseJapan zenza i-11. I-Toyota ifake isicelo kakhulu, ifikelele kwi-1,709, i-2.2 amaxesha e-Panasonic yesibini. Iinkampani eziphezulu ze-10 zizonke zaseJapan kunye neSouth Korea, kuquka i-8 eJapan kunye ne-2 eMzantsi Korea.

Ngokwembono yelungelo lomenzi wehlabathi jikelele, i-Japan, i-United States, i-China, i-South Korea, kunye ne-Europe ngamazwe angundoqo okanye imimandla. Ukongeza kwizicelo zasekhaya, iToyota inelona nani libalulekileyo lezicelo e-United States nase China, ibalelwa kwi-14.7% kunye ne-12.9% yezicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, ngokulandelelanayo.

Ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso yeebhetri zombuso oqinileyo kwilizwe lam nako kuphantsi kophononongo oluqhubekayo. Ngokwesicwangciso sendlela yobugcisa yaseTshayina, ngo-2020, iya kuqonda ngokuthe ngcembe i-electrolyte eyomeleleyo, ulwakhiwo oluphezulu lwecathode yamandla athile, kunye nolwakhiwo lwesakhelo se-lithium alloy technology. Iya kuqonda i-300Wh/kg yesampulu yesampulu yebhetri encinci yesampulu esinye. Ngo-2025, itekhnoloji yolawulo lwebhetri yesimo esiqinileyo iya kuqonda i-400Wh/kg umthamo omkhulu wesampulu yebhetri enye kunye nobuchwepheshe beqela. Kulindeleke ukuba iibhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-sulfur zingaveliswa ngobuninzi kwaye ziphakanyiswe kwi-2030.

Iibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo kwiprojekthi ye-IPO ye-CATL ye-CATL ibandakanya iibhetri eziqinileyo. Ngokutsho kweengxelo ze-NE Times, i-CATL ilindele ukufezekisa imveliso eninzi yeebhetri ze-slid-state ubuncinane ngo-2025.

Lilonke, itekhnoloji yenkqubo yepolymer yeyona ivuthiweyo, kwaye imveliso yokuqala ye-EV-level izalwe. Ubume bayo obunombono kunye nokujonga phambili kuye kwabangela ukukhawuleza kotyalo-mali kuphando kunye nophuhliso ngabafika emva kwexesha, kodwa umda ophezulu wokusebenza unqanda ukukhula, kunye nokudibanisa kunye ne-electrolyte eqinile ye-inorganic iya kuba sisisombululo esinokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo; i-oxidation Kwinkqubo yezinto eziphathekayo, ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo zefilimu ezincinci kugxininise ekwandiseni amandla kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso enkulu, kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kweentlobo ezingezona zefilimu kungcono, oku kugxininiso lophando lwangoku kunye nophuhliso; Inkqubo ye-sulfide yeyona nkqubo ithembisayo yebhetri yelizwe eliqinileyo kwindawo yezithuthi zombane, Kodwa kwimeko yepolarized enegumbi elikhulu lokukhula kunye nobuchwepheshe obungavuthwanga, ukusombulula imiba yokhuseleko kunye nemiba yojongano kujoliso lwekamva.

Imingeni ejongene neebhetri zombuso oqinileyo ikakhulu ibandakanya:

• Ukunciphisa iindleko.
• Ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwee-electrolyte eziqinileyo.
• Ukugcina uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-electrode kunye ne-electrolytes ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha.

Iibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur, i-lithium-moya, kunye nezinye iinkqubo kufuneka zitshintshe yonke isakhelo sesakhiwo sebhetri, kwaye kukho iingxaki ezibaluleke ngakumbi. I-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative yeebhetri eziqinileyo zingaqhubeka nokusebenzisa inkqubo yangoku, kwaye ubunzima bokuqonda buncinci. Njengobuchwephesha bebhetri yesizukulwana esilandelayo, iibhetri eziqinileyo zinokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye noxinano lwamandla kwaye ziya kuba kuphela kwendlela kwixesha le-post-lithium.