Izinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri zeLithium kwiiNqwelo zeGalufa: Isishwankathelo esiBanzi

Iibhetri zeLithium zeenqwelo zegalufa zingumthombo wamandla osungulayo nonamandla ophuhliswe ukwanelisa iimfuno zeenqwelo zegalufa zangoku. Ezi bhetri zahlulwa ngamandla azo aphezulu, ixesha elide lokuphila, kunye nezakhono zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Inzuzo ephambili yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion yikhono layo lokugcina amandla amaninzi kwiyunithi yobunzima kunye nomthamo kuneebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid, okubangelwa uluhlu olude kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo.

Iiseli ezininzi ezinecathode, i-anode, kunye nesisombululo se-electrolyte zenza iibhetri ze-lithium. I-anode ikhupha i-lithium ion ngexesha lokutshaja, elidlula ngesisombululo se-electrolyte kwi-cathode. Ngexesha lokukhutshwa, i-cathode ikhupha i-lithium ion ibuyele kwi-anode, ibuyisela inkqubo. Le ntshukumo ye-ion inika umsinga wombane onokusebenzisa iinqwelo zegalufa kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Izinto ezithile zoyilo zonyusa ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenziswa kwiibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa. Ukukhethwa kwe-cathode kunye nezinto ze-anode zomgangatho obalaseleyo yenye yezi nkxalabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cathode yenziwe nge-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) okanye i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), kwaye i-anode yenziwe ngegraphite. Ezi zinto zinoxinzelelo olukhulu lwamandla, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba zinokugcina isixa esikhulu samandla xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima kunye nomthamo wazo.

Ukhuseleko yenye into ephambili ekwakhiweni kweebhetri ze-lithium kwiinqwelo zegalufa. Iibhetri zeLithium zisenokuguquka, ngakumbi ukuba aziphathwanga okanye azigcinwanga kakuhle. Ukunciphisa ingozi yomlilo okanye ukuqhuma, iibhetri ze-lithium kwiinqwelo zegalufa zihlala zifakwe kwi-fuses ye-thermal, i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye neesekethe zokukhusela i-overcharge.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziluncedo kwiibhetri ze-lithium kwiinqwelo zegalufa ngaphezu kweebhetri ze-lead-asidi eziqhelekileyo bubomi babo obandisiweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iibhetri ze-lithium zinezinga elisezantsi kakhulu lokuzikhupha kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi, ezivumela ukuba zigcine intlawulo yazo ixesha elide. Iibhetri ze-lithium nazo azichanabekanga kangako kwi-sulfation, inkqubo yemichiza enokunciphisa ubomi beebhetri ze-asidi yelothe.

Olunye uncedo lweebhetri ze-lithium kwiinqwelo zegalufa kukukwazi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Iibhetri ze-lithium zinokutshajwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi, ngokubanzi zifikelela kwintlawulo epheleleyo kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Oku kuvumela abanini beenqwelo zegalufa ukuba bachithe ixesha elininzi ebaleni kunye nexesha elincinci lokutshaja iibhetri zabo.

Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kwabo okuphuculweyo, iibhetri ze-lithium kwiinqwelo zegalufa zingcono kwimo engqongileyo kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid. Iibhetri zeLithium azinazo iintsimbi ezinzima kunye neekhompawundi ezinobungozi, kwaye impembelelo yazo yekhabhoni ingaphantsi kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi. Oku kubenza babe lukhetho oluzinzileyo noluneenqobo ezisesikweni kubanini beenqwelo zegalufa abanochuku kokusingqongileyo.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium kwiinqwelo zegalufa zibiza kakhulu kuneebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndleko zibalwa kukonyuka kokuqina nokusebenza kwebhetri. Abanini beenqwelo zegalufa banokonga imali kwixesha elide ngokutyala imali kwiiseli ze-lithium kunokuba batshintshe rhoqo iibhetri ze-asidi yelothe.

Ukuqukumbela, iibhetri ze-lithium zeenqwelo zegalufa zingumthombo oqinileyo kunye nowohlukileyo wamandla obonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kwiibhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-asidi. Iibhetri zeLithium lolona khetho lulungileyo kubanini beenqwelo zegalufa abafuna ukonyusa ukusebenza kwezithuthi zabo ngelixa benciphisa ifuthe labo lokusingqongileyo. Iibhetri zeLithium zinokuba neendleko eziphezulu kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi, kodwa ukuqina kwazo kuzenza zibe lutyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kubanini beenqwelo zegalufa.