Iiseli zelanga ezibhityileyo kakhulu?

Iiseli zelanga ezibhityileyo kakhulu?

I-Ultra-thin cell cell cell iphuculwe: I-2D perovskite compounds inezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokucela umngeni kwimveliso eninzi.

Iinjineli kwiYunivesithi yaseRice ziye zafumana iibenchmarks ezintsha ekuyileni iiseli zelanga ezincinci ze-atomic-scale ezenziwe nge-semiconductor perovskites, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwazo ngelixa zigcina amandla abo okumelana nokusingqongileyo.

Ilabhoratri ye-Aditya Mohite yeYunivesithi yaseRice yaseGeorge R Brown School of Engineering yafumanisa ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga kunciphisa isithuba phakathi kwee-athom ze-athom kwi-perovskite ene-dimensional-dimensional, ngokwaneleyo ukunyusa ukusebenza kwe-photovoltaic yezinto ezininzi njenge-18%, okuyinkqubela phambili rhoqo. . Umtsi omangalisayo uphunyeziwe entsimini kwaye ulinganiswe ngeepesenti.

"Kwiminyaka eyi-10, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-perovskite kuye kwanda malunga ne-3% ukuya ngaphezu kwe-25%," kusho uMohite. "Ezinye i-semiconductors ziya kuthatha iminyaka engama-60 ukuphumeza. Yiyo loo nto sivuya kakhulu."

I-Perovskite i-compound ene-cubic lattice kwaye ingumqokeleli wokukhanya osebenzayo. Ubuchule bazo sele busaziwa kangangeminyaka, kodwa banengxaki: Banokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga nokufuma kunokuzithob’ isidima.

"Itekhnoloji yeeseli zelanga kulindeleke ukuba ihlale iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25," utshilo uMohite, unjingalwazi onxulumene neekhemikhali kunye nobunjineli be-biomolecular kunye nesayensi yezinto kunye ne-nanoengineering. "Sisebenze iminyaka emininzi kwaye siqhubeka sisebenzisa i-perovskites enkulu esebenzayo kodwa ayizinzile kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-perovskites ezimbini-dimensional zinozinzo oluhle kakhulu kodwa alusebenzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba lubekwe eluphahleni.

"Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukubenza basebenze ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni uzinzo."
Iinjineli zeRayisi kunye nabasebenzisana nabo kwiYunivesithi yasePurdue kunye neYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern, eLos Alamos, eArgonne naseBrookhaven yeSebe leLebhu yeSizwe yaMandla e-US, kunye neZiko le-Electronics kunye neTekhnoloji yeDijithali (INSA) eRennes, eFransi, kunye nabasebenzisana nabo bafumanisa ukuba ezinye perovskites ezimbini-dimensional, ukukhanya kwelanga ngempumelelo licutha isithuba phakathi athom, ukwandisa amandla abo ukuthwala umbane.

"Sifumene ukuba xa ulayita izinto eziphathekayo, uyayicinezela njengesipontshi kwaye uqokelele iileya ukuze uphucule ukuhanjiswa kwentlawulo kwelo cala," watsho uMocht. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ukubeka umaleko we-organic cations phakathi kwe-iodide phezulu kunye nesikhokelo esisezantsi kunokuphucula intsebenziswano phakathi kweeleyile.

"Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu ekufundweni kwamazwe avuyayo kunye ne-quasiparticles, apho enye inqanaba lentlawulo efanelekileyo kwelinye, kwaye intlawulo engalunganga ikwelinye, kwaye banokuthetha omnye nomnye," kusho uMocht. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-excitons, kwaye zinokuba neempawu ezizodwa.

"Esi siphumo sisivumela ukuba siqonde kwaye silungelelanise olu nxibelelwano lusisiseko sokukhanya ngaphandle kokudala i-heterostructures enzima efana ne-2D transition metal dichalcogenides," utshilo.

Oogxa baseFransi baqinisekisa ulingo lwemodeli yekhompyuter. UJacky Even, uNjingalwazi wePhysics kwi-INSA, uthe: "Olu phando lunika ithuba elikhethekileyo lokudibanisa iteknoloji yokulinganisa i-ab initio ephezulu kakhulu, uphando lwezinto eziphathekayo usebenzisa izibonelelo ze-synchrotron zesizwe esikhulu, kunye ne-in-situ yeempawu zeeseli zelanga ezisebenzayo. Hlanganisa ." "Eli phepha lichaza ngokokuqala ngqa ukuba i-seepage phenomenon ikhupha ngokukhawuleza umbane wokutshaja kwizinto ze-perovskite."

Zomibini iziphumo zibonisa ukuba emva kwemizuzu eyi-10 yokuvezwa kwe-simulator yelanga kwinqanaba lelanga, i-perovskite ene-dimensional-dimensional iyancipha ngo-0.4% kunye nobude bayo kunye ne-1% ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Baye babonisa ukuba umphumo unokubonwa ngaphakathi kwe-1 umzuzu phantsi kwe-sun intensity.

"Akuvakali ngathi kuninzi, kodwa ukucutha kwe-1% yesithuba se-lattice kuya kubangela ukwanda okukhulu kokuhamba kwe-electron," watsho uLi Wenbin, umfundi ophumelele kwiRice kunye nombhali okhokelayo. "Uphando lwethu lubonisa ukuba i-electronic conduction yezinto eziphathekayo iye yanda ngokuphindwe kathathu."

Kwangaxeshanye, ubume be-crystal lattice benza ukuba izinto zixhathise ukuthotywa, naxa zifudunyezwa kwi-80 degrees Celsius (176 degrees Fahrenheit). Abaphandi baphinde bafumanisa ukuba i-lattice iphinda iphinde ibuyele kwi-standard configuration emva kokuba izibane zicinyiwe.

"Enye yezinto ezikhangayo eziphambili ze-2D perovskites kukuba zihlala zineathomu zezinto eziphilayo ezisebenza njengezithintelo zokufuma, zizinzile, kwaye zisombulule iingxaki zokufuduka kwe-ion," watsho umfundi ophumeleleyo kunye nombhali okhokelayo uSiraj Sidhik. "I-3D perovskites ixhomekeke ekungazinzini kwe-thermal kunye nokukhanya, ngoko ke abaphandi baqala ukubeka iileyile ze-2D phezulu kwee-perovskites ezinkulu ukuze babone ukuba banokwenza uninzi lwazo zombini.

“Sicinga ukuba, masitshintshele kwi-2D kwaye siyenze isebenze,” utshilo.

Ukuqwalasela i-shrinkage yezinto eziphathekayo, iqela lisebenzise izixhobo ezimbini zeSebe lezaMandla (DOE) i-Ofisi yeSayensi ye-US: i-National Synchrotron Light Source II ye-Brookhaven National Laboratory yeSebe lezaMandla lase-US kunye ne-Advanced State Laboratory of iSebe lezaMandla lase-US kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaseArgonne. ILabhoratri yeFotoni (APS).

Ingcali yefiziksi yaseArgonne uJoe Strzalka, umbhali-mbhali wephepha, usebenzisa i-X-rays eqaqambileyo ye-APS ukubamba utshintsho oluncinci lwesakhiwo kwimathiriyeli ngexesha langempela. Isixhobo esibucayi kwi-8-ID-E ye-beamline ye-APS ivumela izifundo "zokusebenza", oku kuthetha ukuba izifundo eziqhutywe xa izixhobo zihamba ngokulawulwa kotshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa okanye kwindawo ephantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Kule meko, u-Strzalka kunye noogxa bakhe babhenca izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya kwiseli yelanga ukuze zifane nokukhanya kwelanga ngelixa egcina ubushushu obungaguqukiyo kwaye ebona ukufinyela okuncinci kwinqanaba leathom.

Njengovavanyo lokulawula, uStrzalka kunye nababhali bakhe bagcina igumbi limnyama, bandisa ubushushu, kwaye babona umphumo ochaseneyo-ukwandiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukukhanya ngokwako, kungekhona ubushushu obuvelisayo, kubangele inguqu.

"Kulo tshintsho, kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olusebenzayo," kusho uStrzalka. "Njengokuba umkhandi wakho efuna ukuqhuba i-injini yakho ukuze abone ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni kuyo, ngokusisiseko sifuna ukuthatha ividiyo yolu guqulelo, hayi umfanekiso omfutshane. Amaziko afana ne-APS ayasivumela ukuba senze oku."

U-Strzalka ubonise ukuba i-APS ihlaziywa ngokubalulekileyo ukwandisa ukukhanya kwe-X-reyi ukuya kumaxesha angama-500. Wathi xa igqityiwe, imiqadi eqaqamba ngakumbi kunye nezixhobo zokujonga ngokukhawuleza, ezibukhali ziya kwandisa amandla ezazinzulu ekuboneni olu tshintsho ngovakalelo olukhulu.

Oku kunokunceda iqela le-Rice lilungelelanise izinto ukuze usebenze ngcono. "Siyila ii-cations kunye nonxibelelwano ukuze sifezekise ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwe-20%," utshilo uSidhik. "Oku kuya kutshintsha yonke into kwintsimi ye-perovskite kuba ngoko abantu baya kuqala ukusebenzisa i-2D perovskite ye-2D perovskite / i-silicon kunye ne-2D / 3D ye-perovskite series, enokuzisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-30%. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba ukuthengiswa kwayo kukhangeleke."