Yeyiphi esona sithuthi sombane sihamba phambili, ibhetri ye-lead-acid, ibhetri yegraphene, okanye ibhetri ye-lithium?

Yeyiphi esona sithuthi sombane sihamba phambili, ibhetri ye-lead-acid, ibhetri yegraphene, okanye ibhetri ye-lithium?

Ngoku ukuba izithuthi zombane ziye zaba yindlela eyimfuneko yokuthutha kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, yeyiphi ibhetri eyona nto ingcono kwiimoto zombane, iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri zegraphene, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium? Makhe sithethe ngesi sihloko namhlanje. Ibhetri yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zezithuthi zombane. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi kwezi zintathu izaqhwithi ezona zilungileyo, kufuneka uqonde iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwezi bhetri zintathu. Okokuqala, qonda ibhetri ye-lead-acid, ibhetri yegraphene, kunye nebhetri ye-lithium.

Ibhetri ye-lead-acid yibhetri yokugcina ene-electrodes ekhangayo kunye ne-negative ikakhulu yenziwe yi-lead dioxide, i-lead kunye ne-dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte kunye ne-concentration ye-1.28 njengento ephakathi. Xa ibhetri eneasidi yelothe ikhutshwa, zombini i-lead diokside ekwi-electrode evumayo kunye nelothe ekwi-electrode engakhiyo idibana ne-dilute sulfuric acid yenze isulfate yelothe; xa utshaja, i-lead sulfate kwiipleyiti ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative iyancitshiswa ibe yi-lead dioxide kunye nelothe.

Iingenelo zeebhetri ze-lead-asidi: Okokuqala, zixabiso eliphantsi, zineendleko eziphantsi zokwenziwa, kwaye kulula ukuzenza. Ukongeza, iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ezinokuthi zihlawule inxalenye yemali, enciphisa iindleko zokutshintshwa kwebhetri. Okwesibini kukusebenza okuphezulu kokhuseleko, ukuzinza okugqwesileyo, ukutshaja kwexesha elide, okungayi kuqhuma. Okwesithathu kunokulungiswa, oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kutshisa ngelixa kutshaja, kwaye Ingongeza umbane wokulungisa ukunyusa amandla okugcina ibhetri, ngokungafaniyo neebhetri ze-lithium, ezingakwazi ukulungisa emva kwengxaki.

Ukusilela kweebhetri ze-lead-acid ubukhulu obukhulu, ubunzima obunzima, ukungahambi kakuhle, ubomi obufutshane benkonzo, ukutshaja kunye namaxesha okukhupha ngokuqhelekileyo malunga namaxesha angama-300-400, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka eyi-2-3.

Ibhetri yegraphene luhlobo lwebhetri ye-lead-acid; yinto nje yokuba imathiriyeli yegraphene yongezwa ngokusekwe kwibhetri ye-lead-asidi, ephucula ukuxhathisa kokubola kwepleyiti ye-electrode, kwaye inokugcina umbane ongaphezulu kunye nomthamo kunebhetri yeasidi yelothe eqhelekileyo. Enkulu, akulula ukuyikhupha, ubomi benkonzo ende.

Iinzuzo zayo, ngaphezu kweenzuzo zeebhetri ze-lead-acid, ngenxa yokongezwa kwezixhobo zegraphene, ubomi benkonzo bude, inani lokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa linokufikelela ngaphezu kwama-800, kwaye ubomi benkonzo bu malunga ne-3-5 iminyaka. . Ukongeza, inokuxhasa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ngokubanzi, Inokutshajwa ngokupheleleyo malunga neeyure ezi-2, ikhawuleza kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-asidi eziqhelekileyo kwiiyure ezi-6-8, kodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe ngetshaja ezinikeleyo. Uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa luyi-15-20% ephezulu kunolo lweebhetri ze-lead-asidi eziqhelekileyo, okuthetha ukuba ukuba unokubaleka iikhilomitha ezili-100, ibhetri yegraphene inokuhamba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-120.

Ukungalungi kweebhetri zegraphene nazo zibalulekile ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima. Kunzima ukuthwala kunye nokuhamba njengeebhetri ze-asidi eziqhelekileyo, ezisephezulu.

Iibhetri ze-lithium ngokubanzi zisebenzisa i-lithium cobaltate njengento efanelekileyo ye-electrode kunye negraphite yendalo njenge-electrode engalunganga, isebenzisa izisombululo ze-electrolyte ezingenamanzi.

Iingenelo zeebhetri ze-lithium zincinci, ziguquguqukayo, kwaye zilula ukuthwala, umthamo ophezulu, ubomi bebhetri obude, ubomi obude, kunye nenani lokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kunokufikelela malunga namaxesha angama-2000. Azikho iibhetri eziqhelekileyo ezineasidi yelothe okanye iibhetri zegraphene ezinokuthelekiswa nayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium Iminyaka ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu.

Iintsilelo zeebhetri ze-lithium zizinzile, ixesha elide lokutshaja, okanye ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga, okunokubangela umlilo okanye ukuqhuma. Enye into yokuba ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu kunelo leebhetri ze-lead-asidi, azinakuphinda zisetyenziswe, kwaye iindleko zokutshintsha iibhetri ziphezulu.

Yeyiphi eyona bhetri i-lead-acid, ibhetri yegraphene, okanye ibhetri ye-lithium, kwaye yeyiphi efanelekileyo? Oku kunzima ukuphendula. Ndingatsho nje ukuba lowo ukufanelayo yeyona ilungileyo. Ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomnini wemoto nganye, Inokusebenzisa ezinye iibhetri. Umzekelo, masithi ufuna ukuphila ubomi obude bebhetri. Kwimeko enjalo, unokuqwalasela iibhetri ze-lithium. . Ukuba isithuthi sombane sisetyenziselwa ukuhamba imihla ngemihla, ngoko kwanele ukukhetha iibhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid. Ukuba uhambo lokuhamba lude kakhulu, iibhetri zegraphene zinokuqwalaselwa. Ke, ngokweemfuno zakho ezahlukeneyo, qwalasela ixabiso lebhetri, ubomi, kunye nobomi bebhetri ukukhetha ibhetri ekufaneleyo. Ngaba ungathanda ukuvakalisa izimvo zakho kwindawo yokuphawula kwaye uthathe inxaxheba ukuba unemibono eyahlukileyo?