Izazinzulu zaseMelika zenze uhlobo olutsha lwebhetri yetyuwa etyhidiweyo, ekulindeleke ukuba ifezekise ukugcinwa kwamandla egridi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.

Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya kunye namandla elanga, izisombululo zokudala ziyafuneka ukugcina amandla aphakathi kwindalo. Isisombululo esinokubakho yibhetri yetyuwa etyhidiweyo, ebonelela ngeenzuzo ezingenayo iibhetri ze-lithium, kodwa ezinye iingxaki kufuneka zisonjululwe.

Oosonzululwazi baseSandia National Laboratories (Sandia National Laboratories) phantsi koLawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNyukliya yase-US bacebise uyilo olutsha olunokusombulula ezi ntsilelo kwaye babonise ibhetri entsha enyibilikisiweyo yetyuwa ehambelana nenguqulelo ekhoyo ngoku. Xa kuthelekiswa, olu hlobo logcino lwebhetri lunokwakhiwa ngexabiso eliphantsi ngelixa lugcina amandla amaninzi.

Ukugcina isixa esikhulu samandla ngexabiso eliphantsi nangokufanelekileyo sisitshixo sokusebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo ukunika amandla isixeko siphela. Nangona ineenzuzo ezininzi, yile nto itekhnoloji yebhethri ye-lithium ebizayo ayinayo. Iibhetri zetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo zisisombululo esineendleko eziphezulu ezisebenzisa i-electrodes ezihlala zinyibilikile ngoncedo lobushushu obuphezulu.

"Sisebenza nzima ukunciphisa ubushushu obusebenzayo beebhetri zesodium ezinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwelona qondo liphantsi lobushushu bomzimba," watsho uLeo Small, umphandi okhokelayo wale projekthi. "Ngelixa uthoba ubushushu bebhetri, kunokunciphisa iindleko zizonke. Ungasebenzisa izinto ezingabizi kakhulu. Iibhetri zifuna ukugquma okuncinci, kwaye iingcingo ezidibanisa zonke iibhetri zinokuba zincinci."

Ukurhweba, olu hlobo lwebhetri lubizwa ngokuba yibhetri ye-sodium-sulfur. Ezinye zezi bhetri ziphuhliswe kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa zihlala zisebenza kumaqondo obushushu angama-520 ukuya kuma-660°F (270 ukuya kuma-350°C). Iinjongo zeqela likaSandia ziphantsi kakhulu, nangona ukwenza oko kufuna ukuba kuphinde kucingwe kwakhona kuba imichiza esebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ayifanelekanga ukusebenza kumaqondo aphantsi.

Kuyaqondwa ukuba uyilo olutsha lwezazinzulu lubandakanya isinyithi solwelo lwesodium kunye nohlobo olutsha lomxube wolwelo. Lo mxube wolwelo uquka i-sodium iodide kunye ne-gallium chloride, ezo izazinzulu ziyibiza ngokuba yi-catholyte.

Ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwenzeka xa ibhetri ikhupha amandla, ivelisa i-ion zesodium kunye nee-electron ezidlula kwizinto ezikhetha kakhulu zokwahlula kwaye zenze ityuwa ye-iodide etyhidiweyo kwelinye icala.

Le bhetri yesodium-sulphur ingasebenza kubushushu obuyi-110°C. Emva kweenyanga ezisibhozo zovavanyo lwebhubhoratri, iye yahlawuliswa kwaye yakhutshwa ngaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-400, ingqina ixabiso layo. Ukongeza, i-voltage yayo yi-3.6 volts, izazinzulu zithi i-40% ephezulu kuneebhetri zetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo kwimarike, ngoko inobuninzi bamandla.

Umbhali wophando uMartha Gross wathi: “Ngenxa yecatholyte entsha esiyinike ingxelo kweli phepha, sichulumancile kakhulu kubungakanani bamandla anokufakwa kule nkqubo. kodwa abazange babekho. Akukho mntu uye wathetha ngabo. Ngoko ke, kukuhle ukukwazi ukunciphisa ubushushu kwaye ubuyisele idatha ethile kwaye uthi, 'Le yinkqubo esebenzayo ngokwenene.'

Izazinzulu ngoku ziphethulela ingqalelo yazo ekunciphiseni iindleko zeebhetri, ezinokufumaneka ngokutshintsha igallium chloride, exabisa ngokuphindwe kayi-100 kunetyuwa etyiwayo. Bathi le teknoloji iseneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10 kude nentengiso, kodwa into enenzuzo kubo kukhuseleko lwebhetri kuba ayidali ingozi yomlilo.

"Lo ngumboniso wokuqala womjikelo wexesha elide ozinzile webhetri yesodium encibilikisiweyo," watsho umbhali wophando u-Erik Spoerke. "Umlingo wethu kukuba sinqume i-chemistry yetyuwa kunye ne-electrochemistry, esivumela ukuba sisebenze kwi-230 ° F ngokufanelekileyo. Sebenza. Esi sakhiwo se-iodide ye-sodium ephantsi kobushushu kukuguqulwa kweebhetri ze-sodium ezinyibilikisiweyo."