By hoppt
Ngenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo, imfuno yeebhetri ze-lithium iya kwanda. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha kunye neendlela ezintsha zokukhula koqoqosho ziya kuba yeyona nto iqhuba "i-lithium industry revolution." inokuchaza ikamva leenkampani zebhetri ze-lithium ezidweliswe. Ngoku lungisa imibuzo eyi-100 malunga neebhetri ze-lithium; wamkelekile ukuqokelela!
1. Yintoni ibhetri?
Iibhetri luhlobo loguqulo lwamandla kunye nezixhobo zokugcina eziguqula iikhemikhali okanye amandla omzimba abe ngamandla ombane ngokusabela. Ngokutsho koguqulo lwamandla olwahlukileyo ebhetri, ibhetri inokohlulwa ibe yibhetri yemichiza kunye nebhetri yebhayoloji.
Ibhetri yekhemikhali okanye umthombo wamandla wekhemikhali sisixhobo esiguqula amandla ekhemikhali abe ngamandla ombane. Iquka ii-electrode ezimbini ezisebenzayo ze-electrochemically kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo, ngokulandelanayo, ahlanganiswe nee-electrodes ezintle kunye nezibi. I-chemical substance enokubonelela nge-media conduction isetyenziswa njenge-electrolyte. Xa uqhagamshelwe kwi-carrier yangaphandle, ihambisa amandla ombane ngokuguqula amandla ayo ekhemikhali yangaphakathi.
Ibhetri ebonakalayo sisixhobo esiguqula amandla abonakalayo abe ngamandla ombane.
2. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweebhetri zokuqala kunye neebhetri zesibini?
Umahluko omkhulu kukuba izinto ezisebenzayo zihlukile. Izinto ezisebenzayo zebhetri yesibini zibuyiselwa umva, ngelixa izinto ezisebenzayo zebhetri ephambili zingekho. Ukuzikhupha kwebhetri ephambili kuncinci kakhulu kunebhetri yesibini. Sekunjalo, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kukhulu kakhulu kunokuba ibhetri yesibini, ngoko umthamo womthwalo uphantsi. Ukongeza, umthamo wobunzima obuthile kunye nomthamo othe ngqo webhetri ephambili zibaluleke kakhulu kunezo zeebhetri ezikhoyo ezinokutshajwa.
3. Uthini umgaqo we-electrochemical weebhetri ze-Ni-MH?
Iibhetri ze-Ni-MH zisebenzisa i-Ni oxide njenge-electrode efanelekileyo, isinyithi yokugcina i-hydrogen njenge-electrode engafanelekanga, kunye ne-lye (ikakhulukazi i-KOH) njenge-electrolyte. Xa ibhetri yenickel-hydrogen ihlawuliswa:
Ukusabela kakuhle kwe-electrode: Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O–e-
Ukusabela kakubi kwe-electrode: M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH-
Xa ibhetri ye-Ni-MH ikhutshiwe:
Ukusabela okulungileyo kwe-electrode: NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH-
Ukusabela okungalunganga kwe-electrode: MH+ OH- →M+H2O +e-
4. Yintoni umgaqo we-electrochemical yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion?
Inxalenye ephambili ye-electrode efanelekileyo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yi-LiCoO2, kunye ne-electrode engafanelekanga ngokuyininzi i-C. Xa ishaja,
Ukusabela okulungileyo kwe-electrode: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe-
Impendulo engalunganga: C + xLi+ + xe- → CLix
Iyonke impendulo yebhetri: LiCoO2 + C → Li1-xCoO2 + CLix
I-reverse reaction ye-reaction engentla iyenzeka ngexesha lokukhupha.
5. Yeyiphi imigangatho edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiibhetri?
Imigangatho ye-IEC esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhetri: Umgangatho weebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride yi-IEC61951-2: 2003; imboni yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ngokubanzi ilandela i-UL okanye imigangatho yelizwe.
Imigangatho yesizwe esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhetri: Imigangatho yeebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride yi-GB/T15100_1994, GB/T18288_2000; imigangatho yeebhetri ze-lithium yi-GB/T10077_1998, YD/T998_1999, kunye ne-GB/T18287_2000.
Ukongeza, imigangatho esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhetri ikwabandakanya iJapan Industrial Standard JIS C kwiibhetri.
I-IEC, iKomishoni yoMbane yaMazwe ngaMazwe (iKomishoni yoMbane yaMazwe ngaMazwe), ngumbutho wokulinganisa wehlabathi jikelele oqulunqwe ziikomiti zombane zamazwe ahlukeneyo. Injongo yayo kukukhuthaza ukubekwa emgangathweni kwemimandla yehlabathi yombane neye-elektroniki. Imigangatho ye-IEC yimigangatho equlunqwe yiKhomishini yezoMbane yeHlabathi.
6. Yintoni isakhiwo esiphambili sebhetri ye-Ni-MH?
Izinto eziphambili zeebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride ziyi-sheet electrode (i-nickel oxide), ishidi le-electrode elibi (i-hydrogen yokugcina i-alloy), i-electrolyte (ikakhulukazi i-KOH), iphepha le-diaphragm, i-ring yokutywina, i-captive electrode cap, i-battery case, njl.
7. Ngawaphi amacandelo angundoqo okwakhiwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion?
Amacandelo aphambili ebhetri ye-lithium-ion angaphezulu nangaphantsi amakhava ebhetri, i-electrode sheet esebenzayo (izinto ezisebenzayo yi-lithium cobalt oxide), i-separator (i-membrane ekhethekileyo edibeneyo), i-electrode engalunganga (izinto ezisebenzayo yikhabhoni), i-electrolyte ephilayo, ibhetri yecala. (yahlulwe kwiintlobo ezimbini zeqokobhe lentsimbi kunye neqokobhe le-aluminium) njalo njalo.
8. Yintoni ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri?
Ibhekiselele kuxhathiso olufunyanwa ngumbane oqukuqelayo kwibhetri xa ibhetri isebenza. Iqulethwe ngokumelana ne-ohmic yangaphakathi kunye nokuchasana kwe-polarization yangaphakathi. Ukumelana okubalulekileyo kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwebhetri okusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokukhutshwa. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kuchaphazeleka ikakhulu zizinto zebhetri, inkqubo yokuvelisa, ubume bebhetri, kunye nezinye izinto. Yiparameter ebalulekileyo ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwebhetri. Qaphela: Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwimeko ehlawuliswayo ngumgangatho. Ukubala ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri, kufuneka isebenzise imitha ekhethekileyo yokumelana nemitha endaweni ye-multimeter kwi-ohm range.
9. Yintoni amandla ombane aqhelekileyo?
Umbane oqhelekileyo webhetri ubhekiselele kumbane obonakaliswe ngexesha lokusebenza rhoqo. I-voltage yegama lesibini le-nickel-cadmium nickel-hydrogen ibhetri yi-1.2V; i-voltage yegama lebhetri ye-lithium yesibini yi-3.6V.
10. Yintoni amandla ombane wesekethe evulekileyo?
Ivolthi yesekethe evulekileyo ibhekisa kumahluko onokwenzeka phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga zebhetri xa ibhetri ingasebenzi, oko kukuthi, xa kungekho okwangoku uhambayo kwisekethe. Umbane osebenzayo, owaziwa ngokuba yi-terminal voltage, ubhekisa kumahluko onokubakho phakathi kweepali ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga zebhetri xa ibhetri isebenza, oko kukuthi, xa kukho i-overcurrent kwisekethe.
11. Yintoni umthamo webhetri?
Umthamo webhetri wahlulwe kumandla alinganisiweyo kunye nobuchule bokwenyani. Umthamo olinganisiweyo webhetri ubhekiselele kummiselo okanye kwiziqinisekiso zokuba ibhetri kufuneka ikhuphe elona nani lincinane lombane phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokukhupha ngexesha loyilo kunye nokwenziwa kwesiphango. Umgangatho we-IEC umisela ukuba iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-nickel-metal hydride zihlawuliswa kwi-0.1C ngeeyure ze-16 kwaye zikhutshwe kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-1.0V kubushushu obuyi-20°C±5°C. Umthamo webhetri okalwayo uchazwa njenge-C5. Iibhetri ze-Lithium-ion zichazwe ukuba zihlawule iiyure ezi-3 phantsi kobushushu obuphakathi, ngokuqhubekayo (1C) -i-voltage eqhubekayo (4.2V) yokulawula iimeko ezifunwayo, kwaye zikhuphe kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-2.75V xa umbane okhutshiweyo ulinganisiwe umthamo. Umthamo wangempela webhetri ubhekisela kumandla okwenene akhululwe sisaqhwithi phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokukhupha, ezichatshazelwa kakhulu ngumlinganiselo wokukhutshwa kunye nokushisa (ngoko ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, umthamo webhetri kufuneka uchaze ukuhlawulwa kunye neemeko zokukhutshwa). Iyunithi yomthamo webhetri nguAh, mAh (1Ah=1000mAh).
12. Yintoni intsalela yokukhupha umthamo webhetri?
Xa ibhetri elayishwayo kwakhona ikhutshwa ngombane omkhulu (ofana ne-1C okanye ngaphezulu), ngenxa ye-"bottleneck effect" ekhoyo kwisantya sangaphakathi sokusasazwa kwe-overcurrent yangoku, ibhetri ifikelele kwi-terminal voltage xa umthamo ungakhutshwanga ngokupheleleyo. , kwaye emva koko isebenzisa i-current encinci efana ne-0.2C inokuqhubeka nokususa, kude kube yi-1.0V / iqhekeza (i-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-nickel-hydrogen ibhetri) kunye ne-3.0V / iqhekeza (ibhetri ye-lithium), umthamo okhutshweyo ubizwa ngokuba yi-residual capacity.
13. Yintoni iqonga lokukhupha?
Iqonga lokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-Ni-MH ezitshajwayo ngokuqhelekileyo libhekisela kuluhlu lwe-voltage apho i-voltage yokusebenza yebhetri izinzileyo xa ikhutshwe phantsi kwenkqubo ethile yokukhupha. Ixabiso layo lihambelana nokukhutshwa kwangoku. Inkulu yangoku, ubunzima obuphantsi. Iqonga lokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ngokuqhelekileyo ukuyeka ukutshaja xa i-voltage i-4.2V, kwaye ikhoyo ingaphantsi kwe-0.01C kwi-voltage eqhubekayo, emva koko uyishiye imizuzu eyi-10, kwaye ikhuphe kwi-3.6V nakweyiphi na isantya sokukhupha. yangoku. Ngumgangatho oyimfuneko ukulinganisa umgangatho weebhetri.
14. Ithini indlela yokumakisha iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona echazwe yi-IEC?
Ngokomgangatho we-IEC, uphawu lwebhetri ye-Ni-MH luqukethe iindawo ezi-5.
01) Uhlobo lwebhetri: I-HF kunye ne-HR zibonisa iibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride
02) Ulwazi lobungakanani bebhetri: kubandakanya ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwebhetri ejikelezileyo, ukuphakama, ububanzi, kunye nobukhulu bebhetri yesikwere, kunye namaxabiso.
03) Isimboli seempawu zokukhupha: L ithetha ukuba isantya esifanelekileyo sokukhupha ngoku singaphakathi kwe-0.5C
I-M ibonisa ukuba izinga lokukhutshwa ngokufanelekileyo lingaphakathi kwe-0.5-3.5C
I-H ibonisa ukuba isantya esifanelekileyo sokukhupha ngoku siphakathi kwe-3.5-7.0C
I-X ibonisa ukuba ibhetri inokusebenza kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhupha langoku le-7C-15C.
04) Isimboli yebhetri yobushushu obuphezulu: imelwe nguT
05) Isiqwenga sokuqhagamshelwa kwebhetri: I-CF imele ukuba akukho nxalenye yoxhulumaniso, i-HH imele isiqwenga sokuqhagamshelwa kwi-battery pull-type series connection, kunye ne-HB imele uxhulumaniso lwecandelo lokuxhamla kwiibhanti zebhetri.
Umzekelo, i-HF18/07/49 imele ibhetri ye-nickel-metal hydride enobubanzi obuyi-18mm, 7mm, kunye nobude obuyi-49mm.
I-KRMT33/62HH imele ibhetri yenickel-cadmium; izinga lokukhutshwa liphakathi kwe-0.5C-3.5, i-high-temperature series ibhetri enye (ngaphandle kwesiqwenga sokudibanisa), ububanzi be-33mm, ukuphakama kwe-62mm.
Ngokomgangatho we-IEC61960, ukuchongwa kwebhetri ye-lithium yesibini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
01) Ukwakhiwa kwelogo yebhetri: iileta ezi-3, zilandelwa ngamanani amahlanu (i-cylindrical) okanye iinombolo ezi-6 (isikwere).
02) Unobumba wokuqala: ubonisa izinto ezinobungozi ze-electrode yebhetri. I-imele i-lithium-ion ngebhetri eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi; L-imele i-lithium metal electrode okanye i-lithium alloy electrode.
03) Ileta yesibini: ibonisa izinto ze-cathode zebhetri. C-esekelwe kwi-cobalt electrode; I-electrode esekelwe kwi-N-nickel; I-electrode esekelwe kwi-M-manganese; I-V-vanadium-based electrode.
04) Unobumba wesithathu: ubonisa imilo yebhetri. I-R imele ibhetri yecylindrical; L-imele ibhetri yesikwere.
05) Amanani: Ibhetri yeCylindrical: Amanani ama-5 ngokulandelanayo abonisa ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwesiphepho. Iyunithi yobubanzi yi-millimeter, kwaye ubungakanani bukwishumi le-millimeter. Xa nayiphi na i-diagonal okanye ubude bungaphezulu okanye bulingana ne-100mm, kufuneka yongeze umgca wediagonal phakathi kweesayizi ezimbini.
Ibhetri yesikwere: Amanani ama-6 abonisa ubukhulu, ububanzi, kunye nokuphakama kwesaqhwithi ngeemilimitha. Xa nayiphi na imilinganiselo emithathu inkulu kuno okanye ilingana ne-100mm, kufuneka idibanise i-slash phakathi kwemilinganiselo; ukuba nayiphi na imilinganiselo emithathu ingaphantsi kwe-1mm, unobumba "t" wongezwa phambi kobu bukhulu, kwaye iyunithi yalo mlinganiso yisinye seshumi semilimitha.
Ngokomzekelo, i-ICR18650 imele ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yesibini ye-cylindrical; i-cathode material yi-cobalt, ububanzi bayo bu malunga ne-18mm, kunye nokuphakama kwayo malunga ne-65mm.
I-ICR20/1050.
I-ICP083448 imele ibhetri yesibini ye-lithium-ion; Isixhobo se-cathode yi-cobalt, ubukhulu bayo bu malunga ne-8mm, ububanzi bu malunga ne-34mm, kunye nokuphakama malunga ne-48mm.
I-ICP08/34/150 imele ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yesikwere yesibini; Isixhobo se-cathode yi-cobalt, ubukhulu bayo bu malunga ne-8mm, ububanzi bu malunga ne-34mm, kunye nokuphakama malunga ne-150mm.
I-ICPt73448 imele ibhetri yesibini ye-lithium-ion; Isixhobo se-cathode yi-cobalt, ubukhulu bayo bu malunga ne-0.7mm, ububanzi bu malunga ne-34mm, kunye nokuphakama malunga ne-48mm.
15. Ziziphi izinto zokupakisha zebhetri?
01) I-meson engasomisi (iphepha) njengephepha lefiber, i-tape enamacala amabini
02) ifilimu yePVC, ityhubhu yophawu lokuthengisa
03) Ishidi lokudibanisa: ishidi lensimbi engenasici, ishidi le-nickel elicocekileyo, ishidi lensimbi ye-nickel-plated
04) Iqhekeza elikhokelela ngaphandle: intsimbi engenasici (ilula ukuyithengisa)
Ishiti lenikeli elisulungekileyo (ibala elidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo)
05) Iiplagi
06) Amacandelo okukhusela afana nokutshintsha kokulawula ukushisa, abakhuseli be-overcurrent, i-resistors yokunciphisa ngoku
07) Ibhokisi, ibhokisi yephepha
08) Iqokobhe leplastiki
16. Yintoni injongo yokupakishwa kwebhetri, ukudibanisa, kunye noyilo?
01) Enhle, uphawu
02) Umbane webhetri ulinganiselwe. Ukufumana amandla ombane aphezulu, kufuneka idibanise iibhetri ezininzi kuthotho.
03) Khusela ibhetri, uthintele iisekethe ezimfutshane, kwaye wandise ubomi bebhetri
04) Ukulinganiselwa kobungakanani
05) Kulula ukuthutha
06) Uyilo lwemisebenzi ekhethekileyo, efana nokungangeni kwamanzi, uyilo olukhethekileyo lwembonakalo, njl.
17. Yeyiphi imiba ephambili yokusebenza kwebhetri yesibini ngokubanzi?
Ikakhulu ibandakanya i-voltage, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi, umthamo, ubuninzi bamandla, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, izinga lokuzikhupha, ubomi bomjikelezo, ukusebenza kokutywinwa, ukusebenza kokhuseleko, ukusebenza kokugcinwa, ukubonakala, njl. Kukho ne-overcharge, ukukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.
18. Zeziphi izinto zovavanyo lokuthembeka kwebhetri?
01) Ubomi bomjikelezo
02) Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha izinga
03) Iimpawu zokukhutshwa kwiqondo lokushisa elihlukeneyo
04) Iimpawu zokutshaja
05) Iimpawu zokuzikhupha
06) Iimpawu zokugcina
07) Iimpawu zokukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo
08) Iimpawu zokuchasana zangaphakathi kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo
09) Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobushushu
10) Uvavanyo lokulahla
11) Uvavanyo lokungcangcazela
12) Uvavanyo lwamandla
13) Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lokumelana
14) Uvavanyo lwe-GMS
I-15) Uvavanyo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi
16) Uvavanyo lokutshatyalaliswa komatshini
17) Ukushisa okuphezulu kunye novavanyo oluphezulu lokufuma
19. Zeziphi izinto zovavanyo lokhuseleko lwebhetri?
01) Uvavanyo lwesiphaluka esifutshane
I-02) Uvavanyo olugqithisiweyo kunye nokukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo
03) Ukumelana novavanyo lombane
04) Uvavanyo lwempembelelo
05) Uvavanyo lokungcangcazela
06) Uvavanyo lokufudumala
07) Uvavanyo lomlilo
09) Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobushushu obuguquguqukayo
10) Uvavanyo lwentlawulo ye-trickle
I-11) Uvavanyo lokulahla lwamahhala
12) uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomoya ophantsi
13) Uvavanyo lokukhutshwa ngokunyanzeliswa
15) Uvavanyo lweplate yokufudumeza kombane
I-17) Uvavanyo lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal
19) Uvavanyo lwe-acupuncture
20) Cima uvavanyo
21) Uvavanyo lwempembelelo yento enzima
20. Zeziphi iindlela zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo?
Indlela yokutshaja yebhetri ye-Ni-MH:
I-01) Ukutshaja rhoqo kwangoku: umbane wokutshaja lixabiso elithile kuyo yonke inkqubo yokutshaja; le ndlela yeyona ixhaphakileyo;
02) Ukutshaja kwe-voltage rhoqo: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, zombini iziphelo zombane wokutshaja zigcina ixabiso elingaguqukiyo, kwaye i-current in circuit iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko i-voltage yebhetri ikhula;
03) Ukutshaja rhoqo kwangoku kunye nokuqhubekayo kombane: Ibhetri ihlawuliswa kuqala ngokuqhubekayo (CC). Xa i-voltage yebhethri iphakama kwixabiso elithile, i-voltage ihlala ingatshintshi (CV), kwaye umoya kwisiphaluka uhla ukuya kwixabiso elincinci, ekugqibeleni lijonge kwi-zero.
Indlela yokutshaja ibhetri yeLithium:
Ukutshaja okuthe rhoqo kwangoku kunye nokungaguqukiyo kwamandla ombane: Ibhetri iqale itshajwe ngokuqhubekayo (CC). Xa i-voltage yebhethri iphakama kwixabiso elithile, i-voltage ihlala ingatshintshi (CV), kwaye umoya kwisiphaluka uhla ukuya kwixabiso elincinci, ekugqibeleni lijonge kwi-zero.
21. Ithini intlawulo eqhelekileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-Ni-MH?
Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe we-IEC umisela ukuba umgangatho wokutshaja kunye nokukhupha iibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride kukuba: qala ukhuphe ibhetri kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-1.0V / iqhekeza, uze uhlawule kwi-0.1C ngeeyure ze-16, uyishiye iyure enye, kwaye uyibeke. kwi-1C ukuya kwi-0.2V / iqhekeza, oko kukuthi Ukutshaja nokukhupha umgangatho webhetri.
22. Yintoni ukutshaja kwe-pulse? Yintoni impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri?
Ukutshaja kwe-Pulse ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenzisa ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha, ukuseta imizuzwana emi-5 kwaye ukukhulula isekhondi enye. Kuya kunciphisa i-oksijini eninzi eyenziwa ngexesha lokutshaja kwi-electrolytes phantsi kwe-pulse yokukhupha. Ayigcini nje ukukhawulela ubungakanani be-electrolyte vaporization yangaphakathi, kodwa ezo bhetri ezindala eziye zahlanjululwa kakhulu ziya kubuya ngokuthe ngcembe okanye zisondele kumthamo wokuqala emva kwamaxesha angama-1-5 wokutshaja kunye nokukhupha usebenzisa le ndlela yokutshaja.
23. Yintoni ukutshajiswa kwe-trickle?
Ukutshaja i-trickle kusetyenziselwa ukuhlawula ilahleko yesakhono esibangelwa kukuzikhupha kwebhetri emva kokuba igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshaja kwe-pulse current kusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa le njongo ingentla.
24. Yintoni ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja?
Ubuchule bokutshaja bubhekisa kumlinganiselo weqondo apho amandla ombane asetyenziswa yibhetri ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja aguqulwa abe ngamandla ekhemikhali enokugcinwa yibhetri. Ichaphazela kakhulu iteknoloji yebhetri kunye nobushushu bendawo yokusebenza yesiphango-ngokubanzi, ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, ukuhla kwexabiso lokutshaja.
25. Yintoni ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha?
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kubhekiselele kumandla okwenene akhutshelwe kwi-terminal voltage phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokukhupha kumthamo olinganisiweyo. Ichaphazela kakhulu izinga lokukhutshwa, ubushushu be-ambient, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi, kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphakama kweqondo lokukhupha, liphezulu izinga lokukhupha. Okona kusezantsi kokusebenza kokukhupha. Iqondo lokushisa liphantsi, liphantsi ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha.
26. Yintoni amandla aphumayo ebhetri?
Amandla aphumayo ebhetri abhekiselele ekukwazini ukukhupha amandla ngexesha leyunithi nganye. Ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwi-discharge current I kunye ne-voltage discharge, P = U * I, iyunithi i-watts.
Okusezantsi ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri, kokukhona amandla aphumayo aphezulu. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kwesixhobo sombane. Ngaphandle koko, ibhetri ngokwayo isebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunesixhobo sombane, esingenamali kwaye singonakalisa ibhetri.
27. Yintoni ukuzikhupha kwebhetri yesibini? Uthini umlinganiselo wokuzikhupha weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri?
Ukuzikhupha ngokwakho kukwabizwa ngokuba yindleko yokugcina amandla, okubhekiselele kwisakhono sokugcina amandla ebhetri agciniweyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo kwimeko yesekethe evulekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuzikhupha kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa, izinto eziphathekayo kunye neemeko zokugcina. Ukuzikhupha ngenye yeeparameters eziphambili zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwebhetri. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqondo lokushisa elisezantsi lebhetri, lisezantsi izinga lokuzikhupha, kodwa kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu okanye buphezulu kakhulu, obunokonakalisa ibhetri kwaye ingasetyenziswa.
Emva kokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyekwe ivuliwe kangangexesha elithile, iqondo elithile lokuzikhupha ngokwalo liyi-avareji. Umgangatho we-IEC umisela ukuba emva kokutshajwa ngokupheleleyo, iibhetri ze-Ni-MH kufuneka zishiywe zivulekile iintsuku ezingama-28 kwiqondo lobushushu le-20℃ ± 5℃ kunye nomswakama (65±20)%, kunye nomthamo wokukhutshwa kwe-0.2C uya kufikelela kwi-60% ye Iyonke yokuqala.
28. Yintoni uvavanyo lokuzikhupha iiyure ezingama-24?
Uvavanyo lokuzikhupha kwibhetri ye-lithium lu:
Ngokubanzi, iiyure ezingama-24 zokuzikhupha zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amandla okugcina intlawulo ngokukhawuleza. Ibhetri ikhutshwe kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-3.0V, ikhoyo ngoku. I-voltage eqhubekayo ihlawuliswa ukuya kwi-4.2V, i-cut-off yangoku: i-10mA, emva kwemizuzu eyi-15 yokugcina, ikhupha kwi-1C ukuya kwi-3.0 V ivavanya umthamo wayo wokukhupha i-C1, emva koko usete ibhetri ngokuqhubekayo kunye nombane oqhubekayo we-1C ukuya kwi-4.2V, usike- off okwangoku: 10mA, kwaye umlinganiselo 1C umthamo C2 emva kokuba ushiywe iiyure 24. I-C2 / C1 * 100% kufuneka ibaluleke ngaphezu kwe-99%.
29. Uthini umahluko phakathi kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kwelizwe elihlawulweyo kunye nokuchasana kwangaphakathi kwimeko ekhutshiweyo?
Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwimeko ehlawuliswayo kubhekisela ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi xa ibhetri i-100% igcwele ngokupheleleyo; ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwimeko ekhutshiweyo kubhekisela ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi emva kokuba ibhetri ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwimeko ekhutshiweyo akuzinzile kwaye kukhulu kakhulu. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwimeko ehlawuliswayo kuncinci, kwaye ixabiso lokumelana lizinzile. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwebhetri, kuphela uxhathiso lwangaphakathi lwelizwe elihlawuliweyo olunokubaluleka okubonakalayo. Kwixesha elizayo loncedo lwebhetri, ngenxa yokudinwa kwe-electrolyte kunye nokunciphisa umsebenzi wezinto zangaphakathi zeekhemikhali, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuya kwanda ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo.
30. Yintoni ukuxhathisa okumileyo? Yintoni ukuxhathisa okuguquguqukayo?
Ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi okumileyo kukumelana nebhetri kwangaphakathi ngexesha lokukhupha, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi okuguquguqukayo kukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri ngexesha lokutshaja.
31. Ngaba luvavanyo lokumelana nentlawulo egqithisileyo?
I-IEC imisela ukuba uvavanyo lokutshaja ngaphezulu kweebhetri zenickel-metal hydride zezi:
Ukukhupha ibhetri kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-1.0V / iqhekeza, kwaye uyihlawule ngokuqhubekayo kwi-0.1C kwiiyure ze-48. Ibhetri akufunekanga ibe noguquko okanye ukuvuza. Emva kokugqithiswa, ixesha lokukhutshwa ukusuka kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-1.0V kufuneka libe ngaphezu kweeyure ze-5.
32. Yintoni uvavanyo lobomi bomjikelo osemgangathweni we-IEC?
I-IEC imisela ukuba uvavanyo lobomi bomjikelo osemgangathweni weebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride zezi:
Emva kokuba ibhetri ibekwe kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-1.0V / pc
01) Ukuhlawula kwi-0.1C kwiiyure ze-16, emva koko ukhuphe kwi-0.2C kwiiyure ze-2 kunye nemizuzu ye-30 (umjikelo omnye)
02) Shaja kwi-0.25C ngeeyure ezi-3 kunye nemizuzu eyi-10, kwaye ukhuphe kwi-0.25C ngeeyure ezi-2 kunye nemizuzu engama-20 (imijikelo ye-2-48)
03) Ukuhlawula kwi-0.25C kwiiyure ze-3 kunye nemizuzu ye-10, kwaye ukhulule kwi-1.0V kwi-0.25C (umjikelezo we-49)
04) Ukuhlawula kwi-0.1C kwiiyure ze-16, ubeke eceleni kweyure ye-1, ukukhutshwa kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-1.0V (umjikelezo we-50). Kwiibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, emva kokuphindaphinda imijikelezo ye-400 ye-1-4, ixesha lokukhutshwa kwe-0.2C kufuneka libaluleke ngaphezu kweeyure ze-3; kwiibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium, ukuphindaphinda imijikelezo ye-500 ye-1-4, ixesha lokukhutshwa kwe-0.2C kufuneka libe libaluleke kakhulu kuneeyure ze-3.
33. Yintoni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri?
Kubhekiselele kuxinzelelo lomoya wangaphakathi webhetri, obangelwa yigesi eveliswa ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri etywiniweyo kwaye ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngezinto zebhetri, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nesakhiwo sebhetri. Isizathu esona sizathu salokhu kukuba igesi eyenziwa ngokubola komswakama kunye nesisombululo sezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwebhetri iqokelela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lugcinwa kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Kwimeko yokugcwala okanye ukukhupha ngaphezulu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lunokonyuka:
Ngokomzekelo, i-overcharge, i-electrode efanelekileyo: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑; ①
Ioksijini eveliswayo isabela kunye nehydrogen ewele kwi-electrode engalunganga ukuvelisa amanzi 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ②
Ukuba isantya sokusabela ② sisezantsi kuneso sokusabela ①, ioksijini eyenziweyo ayizukusetyenziswa ngexesha, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lunyuke.
34. Luthini uvavanyo lokugcinwa kwentlawulo esemgangathweni?
I-IEC imisela ukuba uvavanyo olusemgangathweni lokugcinwa kwentlawulo yeebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride zezi:
Emva kokubeka ibhetri kwi-0.2C ukuya kwi-1.0V, yihlawulise kwi-0.1C ngeeyure ze-16, yigcine kwi-20℃±5℃ kunye nokufuma okungama-65%±20%, yigcine iintsuku ezingama-28, emva koko uyikhuphe kwi-1.0V I-0.2C, kunye neebhetri ze-Ni-MH kufuneka zibe ngaphezu kweeyure ze-3.
Umgangatho wesizwe umisela ukuba uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokugcinwa kwentlawulo yeebhetri ze-lithium yile: (IEC ayinayo imigangatho efanelekileyo) ibhetri ibekwe kwi-0.2C ukuya ku-3.0 / iqhekeza, kwaye ihlawuliswe kwi-4.2V ngokuqhubekayo kunye nombane we-1C, kunye umoya osikiweyo we-10mA kunye nobushushu be-20 Emva kokugcina iintsuku ezingama-28 kwi-℃±5℃, yikhuphe kwi-2.75V kwi-0.2C kwaye ubale umthamo wokukhupha. Xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo webhetri, kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kwe-85% yetotali yokuqala.
35. Yintoni uvavanyo lwesekethe emfutshane?
Sebenzisa ucingo olunobuxhakaxhaka bangaphakathi ≤100mΩ ukuqhagamshela iipali zebhetri egcweleyo nezichasayo kwibhokisi enobungqina bokudubula ukuze ujikeleze iipali ezivumayo nezingalunganga. Ibhetri akufuneki igqabhuke okanye ibambe umlilo.
36. Zeziphi iimvavanyo zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu?
Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye novavanyo lokufuma kwebhetri ye-Ni-MH zezi:
Emva kokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, yigcine phantsi kobushushu obungaguqukiyo kunye neemeko zokufuma kangangeentsuku ezininzi, kwaye ungajongi ukuvuza ngexesha lokuyigcina.
Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye novavanyo lokufuma okuphezulu kwebhetri ye-lithium yile: (umgangatho wesizwe)
Tshaja ibhetri nge-1C eqhubekayo yangoku kunye ne-voltage engaguqukiyo ukuya kwi-4.2V, i-cut-off yangoku ye-10mA, uze uyibeke kwibhokisi yobushushu obuqhubekayo kunye nokufuma kwi-(40±2)℃ kunye nokufuma kwe-90% -95% kwi-48h. , emva koko ukhuphe ibhetri ngaphakathi (20 Yishiye ku ±5)℃ iiyure ezimbini. Qaphela ukuba inkangeleko yebhetri kufuneka ibe semgangathweni. Emva koko ukhuphe kwi-2.75V ngokuqhubekayo kwi-1C, kwaye wenze imijikelezo yokutshaja kwe-1C kunye ne-1C yokukhupha kwi- (20±5) ℃ de umthamo wokukhupha Akukho ngaphantsi kwe-85% yetotali yokuqala, kodwa inani lemijikelo alikho ngaphezulu. ngaphezu kwamaxesha amathathu.
37. Yintoni umfuniselo wokunyuka kobushushu?
Emva kokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, yifake kwi-oven kwaye ufudumale ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa kwiqondo le-5 ° C / min. Xa ubushushu be-oven bufikelela kwi-130 ° C, yigcine imizuzu engama-30. Ibhetri akufuneki igqabhuke okanye ibambe umlilo.
38. Yintoni umfuniselo webhayisekile wobushushu?
Umjikelo wovavanyo lobushushu uqulathe imijikelo engama-27, kwaye inkqubo nganye inala manyathelo alandelayo:
01) Ibhetri itshintshiwe ukusuka kumyinge wobushushu ukuya kwi-66 ± 3 ℃, ibekwe iyure enye phantsi kwemeko ye-1 ± 15%,
02) Tshintshela kubushushu obuyi-33 ±3°C kunye nokufuma kwe-90±5°C ngeyure enye,
03) Isimo sitshintshwa sibe -40±3℃ kwaye sibekwe iyure enye
04) Beka ibhetri kwi-25 ℃ kwiiyure ze-0.5
La manyathelo mane agqibezela umjikelo. Emva kwemijikelo engama-27 yovavanyo, ibhetri kufuneka ingavuzi, inyuke ialkali, irusi, okanye ezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga.
39. Yintoni uvavanyo lwedrophu?
Emva kokuba ibhetri okanye ipakethi yebhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, iwiswa ukusuka kumphakamo oyi-1m ukuya kwikhonkrithi (okanye isamente) emhlabeni izihlandlo ezithathu ukuze kufunyanwe izothuso kwiindlela ezingalindelekanga.
40. Yintoni umfuniselo wokungcangcazela?
Indlela yovavanyo lokungcangcazela kwebhetri ye-Ni-MH yile:
Emva kokukhupha ibhetri kwi-1.0V kwi-0.2C, yihlawulise kwi-0.1C kwiiyure ze-16, kwaye emva koko ungcangcazele phantsi kweemeko ezilandelayo emva kokushiywa iiyure ezingama-24:
Ubukhulu: 0.8mm
Yenza ibhetri ingcangcazele phakathi kwe-10HZ-55HZ, inyuka okanye iyancipha ngesantya sokungcangcazela kwe-1HZ yonke ngomzuzu.
Ukutshintsha kwamandla ebhetri kufuneka kube ngaphakathi ± 0.02V, kwaye utshintsho lwangaphakathi lokumelana kufuneka lube ngaphakathi ± 5mΩ. (Ixesha lokungcangcazela yi-90min)
Indlela yokuvavanya ibhetri ye-lithium yile:
Emva kokuba ibhetri ikhutshwe kwi-3.0V kwi-0.2C, ihlawuliswa kwi-4.2V kunye ne-voltage eqhubekayo kunye ne-voltage eqhubekayo kwi-1C, kunye ne-cut-off current yi-10mA. Emva kokuba ishiywe iiyure ezingama-24, iya kungcangcazela phantsi kwezi meko zilandelayo:
Uvavanyo lokungcangcazela luqhutywa nge-vibration frequency ukusuka kwi-10 Hz ukuya kwi-60 Hz ukuya kwi-10 Hz kwimizuzu emi-5, kwaye i-amplitude yi-0.06 intshi. Ibhetri ingcangcazela kumacala amathathu-axis, kwaye iasi nganye ishukuma kangangesiqingatha seyure.
Ukutshintsha kwamandla ebhetri kufuneka kube ngaphakathi ± 0.02V, kwaye utshintsho lwangaphakathi lokumelana kufuneka lube ngaphakathi ± 5mΩ.
41. Yintoni uvavanyo lwempembelelo?
Emva kokuba ibhetri ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, beka intonga eqinile ngokuthe tye kwaye ulahle into ye-20-pounds ukusuka kumphakamo othile kwintonga eqinile. Ibhetri akufuneki igqabhuke okanye ibambe umlilo.
42. Yintoni umfuniselo wokungena?
Emva kokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, dlulisa isikhonkwane sobubanzi obuthile kwiziko lesiphango kwaye ushiye iphini kwibhetri. Ibhetri akufuneki igqabhuke okanye ibambe umlilo.
43. Yintoni umfuniselo womlilo?
Beka ibhetri egcwele ngokupheleleyo kwisixhobo sokufudumeza esinesikhuselo esikhethekileyo somlilo, kwaye akukho nkunkuma iya kudlula kwikhava yokukhusela.
44. Zeziphi iziqinisekiso eziphunyezwe yimveliso yenkampani?
Ipasile i-ISO9001: isiqinisekiso se-2000 senkqubo yomgangatho kunye ne-ISO14001: i-2004 isiqinisekiso senkqubo yokusingqongileyo; imveliso ifumene isatifikethi se-EU CE kunye ne-North America UL isatifikethi, iphumelele uvavanyo lwe-SGS yokukhusela indalo, kwaye ifumene ilayisensi yelungelo elilodwa le-Ovonic; kwangaxeshanye, i-PICC iphumeze iimveliso zenkampani kwi-world Scope underwriting.
45. Yintoni ibhetri eLungele ukuSebenzisa?
Ibhetri elungele ukusetyenziswa luhlobo olutsha lwebhetri ye-Ni-MH enezinga eliphezulu lokugcinwa kwentlawulo eqaliswe yinkampani. Yibhetri enganyangekiyo ekugcinweni kunye nokusebenza kabini kwebhetri yokuqala kunye neyesibini kwaye inokutshintsha ibhetri yokuqala. Oko kukuthi, ibhetri inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye inamandla aphezulu aseleyo emva kokugcinwa ngexesha elifanayo njengeebhetri ze-Ni-MH eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo.
46.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezifanayo, le mveliso inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
01) Ukuzikhupha okuncinci;
02) Ixesha elide lokugcina;
03) Ukuchasana nokukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo;
04) Ubomi bomjikelo omde;
05) Ngokukodwa xa i-voltage yebhetri ingaphantsi kwe-1.0V, inomsebenzi omhle wokubuyisela amandla;
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, olu hlobo lwebhetri lunomlinganiselo wokugcinwa kwentlawulo ukuya kwi-75% xa igcinwe kwindawo ye-25 ° C unyaka omnye, ngoko ke le bhetri iyimveliso efanelekileyo yokutshintsha iibhetri ezilahlayo.
47. Zeziphi izilumkiso xa usebenzisa ibhetri?
01) Nceda ufunde incwadi yebhetri ngononophelo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa;
02) Uqhagamshelwano lombane kunye nebhetri kufuneka lucoceke, lusule ngelaphu elimanzi ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye lufakwe ngokuhambelana nophawu lwe-polarity emva kokumisa;
03) Musa ukudibanisa amabhetri amadala kunye namatsha, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zemodeli efanayo azikwazi ukudibaniswa ukuze zinganciphisi ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa;
04) Ibhetri elahlayo ayinakuphinda ihlaziywe ngokufudumeza okanye ukutshaja;
05) Musa ukunqumla ibhetri;
06) Musa ukuqhaqha kwaye ushushu ibhetri okanye uphonsa ibhetri emanzini;
07) Xa izixhobo zombane zingasetyenziswanga ixesha elide, kufuneka zisuse ibhetri, kwaye kufuneka zicime ukucima emva kokusetyenziswa;
08) Musa ukulahla inkunkuma ngokungenamkhethe, kwaye uzahlule kwenye inkunkuma kangangoko unakho ukunqanda ukungcolisa indalo;
09) Xa kungekho mntu ubeka esweni umntu omdala, musa ukuvumela abantwana batshintshe ibhetri. Iibhetri ezincinci kufuneka zibekwe ngaphandle kokufikelela kubantwana;
10) kufuneka igcine ibhetri kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo ngaphandle kwelanga elithe ngqo.
48. Uthini umahluko phakathi kweebhetri ezahlukeneyo ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?
Okwangoku, i-nickel-cadmium, i-nickel-metal hydride, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion rechargeable zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zombane eziphathwayo (ezifana neekhompyutha zamanqaku, iikhamera kunye neeselfowuni). Ibhetri nganye etshajwayo ineekhemikhali zayo ezizodwa. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweebhetri ze-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-nickel-metal hydride kukuba ubuninzi bamandla beebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride buphezulu kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zohlobo olufanayo, amandla eebhetri ze-Ni-MH aphindwe kabini kwiibhetri ze-Ni-Cd. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride kunokwandisa kakhulu ixesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo xa kungekho bunzima obongezelelweyo bongezwa kwisixhobo sombane. Enye inzuzo yeebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride kukuba zinciphisa kakhulu "impembelelo yememori" ingxaki kwiibhetri ze-cadmium ukusebenzisa i-nickel-metal hydride ibhetri ngokulula ngakumbi. Iibhetri ze-Ni-MH zinobuhlobo ngakumbi nokusingqongileyo kuneebhetri ze-Ni-Cd kuba akukho ziqalelo zinetyhefu enzima ngaphakathi. I-Li-ion iphinde ibe ngumthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo wezixhobo eziphathwayo. I-Li-ion inokunika amandla afanayo njengeebhetri ze-Ni-MH kodwa inokunciphisa ubunzima malunga ne-35%, ifanelekile kwizixhobo zombane ezifana neekhamera kunye neelaptops. Ibalulekile. I-Li-ion ayinayo "impembelelo yememori," Izibonelelo zokungabikho kwezinto eziyityhefu nazo ziyimfuneko ezenza ukuba ibe ngumthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo.
Kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-Ni-MH kumaqondo aphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kuya kunyuka ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Nangona kunjalo, xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama ngaphezu kwe-45 ° C, ukusebenza kwezixhobo zebhetri ezihlawulelwayo kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa kuya kuncipha, kwaye kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ubomi bomjikelezo webhetri.
49. Lithini izinga lokukhutshwa kwebhetri? Lithini izinga leyure lokukhululwa kwesiphango?
Ukukhutshwa kwexabiso kubhekiselele kubudlelwane besantya phakathi kokukhutshwa kwangoku (A) kunye nomthamo olinganisiweyo (A•h) ngexesha lokutsha. Ukukhutshwa kwexabiso leyure kubhekiselele kwiiyure ezifunekayo ukukhupha umthamo olinganisiweyo kwimveliso ethile yangoku.
50. Kutheni kuyimfuneko ukugcina ibhetri ishushu xa udubula ebusika?
Ekubeni ibhetri kwikhamera yedijithali inobushushu obuphantsi, umsebenzi wezinto ezisebenzayo uyancipha kakhulu, onokuthi ungaboneleli ngokusebenza ngokusemgangathweni kwekhamera, ngoko ukudubula kwangaphandle kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, ngakumbi.
Nika ingqalelo kubushushu bekhamera okanye ibhetri.
51. Yintoni iqondo lokushisa lokusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion?
Umrhumo -10—45℃ Ukukhutshwa -30—55℃
52. Ingaba iibhetri zomthamo ohlukeneyo zinokudityaniswa?
Ukuba udibanisa amabhetri amatsha kunye namadala anamandla ahlukeneyo okanye uwasebenzise kunye, kunokubakho ukuvuza, i-voltage ye-zero, njl. Oku kungenxa yomahluko kumandla ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, okubangela ukuba ezinye iibhetri zihlawulwe kakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja. Ezinye iibhetri azihlawuliswanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye zinamandla ngexesha lokukhupha. Ibhetri ephezulu ayikhutshwanga ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ibhetri ephantsi ikhutshwe kakhulu. Kwisangqa esibi esinjalo, ibhetri yonakele, kwaye ivuza okanye ine-voltage ephantsi (zero).
53. Yintoni isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle, kwaye yintoni impembelelo enayo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri?
Ukudibanisa iziphelo ezimbini zangaphandle zebhetri kunoma yimuphi umqhubi kuya kubangela isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle. Ikhosi emfutshane inokuzisa iziphumo ezinzima kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhetri, ezifana nokunyuka kobushushu be-electrolyte, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lomoya wangaphakathi, njl. Le meko iyonakalisa kakhulu ibhetri. Ukuba ivalve yokhuseleko ayiphumelelanga, isenokubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo. Ngoko ke, musa ukunqumla ibhetri ngaphandle.
54. Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ubomi bebhetri?
01) Ukutshaja:
Xa ukhetha itshaja, kungcono ukusebenzisa itshaja enezixhobo ezichanekileyo zokuphelisa ukutshaja (ezifana nezixhobo zokunqanda ukutshajwa kwexesha, umahluko ombi wamandla ombane (-V) wokutshaja okunqunyiweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezichasene nobushushu obugqithileyo) ukunqanda ukwenza mfutshane ibhetri. ubomi ngenxa yokutshaja kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ukutshaja okucothayo kunokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yebhetri ngcono kunokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
02) Ukukhutshwa:
a. Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa yinto ephambili echaphazela ubomi bebhetri. Okukhona buphezulu ubunzulu bokukhululwa, kokukhona bufutshane ubomi bebhetri. Ngamanye amazwi, nje ukuba ubunzulu bokukhutshwa buncitshisiwe, bunokwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yebhetri. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sikuphephe ukukhupha ngaphezulu kwebhetri kumbane ophantsi kakhulu.
b. Xa ibhetri ikhutshwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, iya kunciphisa ubomi bayo benkonzo.
c. Ukuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki eziqulunqiweyo azikwazi ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo yonke into yangoku, ukuba isixhobo sishiywe singasetyenziswanga ixesha elide ngaphandle kokukhupha ibhetri, i-residual current ngamanye amaxesha iya kubangela ukuba ibhetri isetyenziswe ngokugqithiseleyo, okubangela ukuba isivunguvungu siphume ngokugqithisileyo.
d. Xa usebenzisa iibhetri ezinomthamo owahlukileyo, iikhemikhali, okanye amanqanaba entlawulo ahlukeneyo, kunye neebhetri zeentlobo ngeentlobo ezindala nezintsha, iibhetri ziya kukhupha kakhulu kwaye zibangele ukutshaja kwepolarity umva.
03) Ugcino:
Ukuba ibhetri igcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ixesha elide, iya kunciphisa umsebenzi wayo we-electrode kwaye inciphise ubomi bayo benkonzo.
55. Ingaba ibhetri ingagcinwa kwisixhobo emva kokuba sisetyenzisiwe okanye xa singasetyenziswa ixesha elide?
Ukuba ayiyi kusebenzisa isixhobo sombane ixesha elide, kungcono ukususa ibhetri kwaye uyibeke kwindawo ephantsi yobushushu, kwindawo eyomileyo. Ukuba akunjalo, nokuba isixhobo sombane sivaliwe, inkqubo iya kwenza ukuba ibhetri ibe nemveliso ephantsi yangoku, eya kunciphisa Ubomi benkonzo yesiphango.
56. Zeziphi iimeko ezingcono zokugcina ibhetri? Ngaba kufuneka ndihlawule ibhetri ngokugcina ixesha elide ngokupheleleyo?
Ngokomgangatho we-IEC, kufuneka igcine ibhetri kubushushu obuyi-20℃±5℃ kunye nokufuma okunga (65±20)%. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ubushushu bokugcina besiphango, busezantsi umlinganiselo oseleyo womthamo, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo, eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokugcina ibhetri xa ubushushu befriji buyi-0℃-10℃, ngakumbi kwiibhetri zokuqala. Nokuba ibhetri yesibini iphulukene nomthamo wayo emva kogcino, inokuphinda ihlawulwe ukuba itshajwe kwakhona kwaye ikhutshwe amaxesha amaninzi.
Kwithiyori, kusoloko kukho ukulahleka kwamandla xa ibhetri igcinwa. Ulwakhiwo lwendalo lwe-electrochemical lwebhetri lumisela ukuba amandla ebhetri alahleke ngokungenakuthintelwa, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuzikhupha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani be-self-discharge buhambelana nokunyibilika kwezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode kwi-electrolyte kunye nokungazinzi kwayo (ifikeleleke kwi-self-decompose) emva kokufudumala. Ukuzikhupha kweebhetri ezitshajwayo kuphezulu kakhulu kuneebhetri zokuqala.
Ukuba ufuna ukugcina ibhetri ixesha elide, kukulungele ukuyibeka kwindawo eyomileyo kunye neqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwaye ugcine amandla ebhetri asele malunga ne-40%. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukulungele ukukhupha ibhetri kanye ngenyanga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa kwemeko yokugcinwa kwesiphango, kodwa kungekhona ukucima ngokupheleleyo ibhetri kwaye konakalise ibhetri.
57. Yintoni ibhetri esemgangathweni?
Ibhetri emiselwe ngamazwe ngamazwe njengomgangatho wokulinganisa amandla (enokwenzeka). Yasungulwa yinjineli yombane yaseMelika uE. Weston ngo-1892, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yiWeston ibhetri.
I-electrode entle yebhetri esemgangathweni yi-mercury sulfate electrode, i-electrode negative yi-cadmium amalgam metal (iqulathe i-10% okanye i-12.5%
58. Ziziphi izizathu ezinokubangela umbane onguziro okanye umbane ophantsi webhetri enye?
01) Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle okanye i-overcharge okanye intlawulo ye-reverse yebhetri (ukukhutshwa okunyanzeliswayo);
I-02) Ibhetri iqhubeka ngokugqithiswa ngumlinganiselo ophezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, obangela ukuba i-core core yebhetri ikhulise, kwaye i-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative idibene ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-short-circuited;
03) Ibhetri imfutshane okanye imfutshane kancinci. Ngokomzekelo, ukubekwa okungafanelekanga kwezibonda ezichanekileyo kunye nezibi kubangela ukuba isiqwenga se-pole siqhagamshelane nesiphaluka esifutshane, uqhagamshelwano olulungileyo lwe-electrode, njl.
59. Ziziphi izizathu ezinokwenzeka zombane onguziro okanye amandla ombane aphantsi wepakethi yebhetri?
01) Ingaba ibhetri enye inombane ongu-XNUMX;
02) Iplagi ifutshane-ijikelezwe okanye inqanyuliwe, kwaye ukudibanisa kwiplagi akulungile;
03) I-Desoldering kunye ne-welding ebonakalayo yocingo olukhokelayo kunye nebhetri;
04) Uxhulumaniso lwangaphakathi lwebhetri aluchanekanga, kwaye ishidi lokudibanisa kunye nebhetri livuza, lithengiswa, kwaye lingenakulinganiswa, njl.;
05) Amalungu e-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwebhetri aqhagamshelwe ngokungalunganga kwaye wonakaliswe.
60. Zeziphi iindlela zolawulo lokuthintela ukutshajwa kwebhetri?
Ukuthintela ukuba ibhetri ingagcwali kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukulawula indawo yokutshaja. Xa ibhetri igqityiwe, kuya kubakho ulwazi olulodwa olunokuthi lusebenzise ukugweba ukuba ukutshaja kufikelele kwisiphelo. Ngokubanzi, kukho ezi ndlela zintandathu zilandelayo zokuthintela ukuba ibhetri ingatshaji kakhulu:
I-01) Ulawulo lombane oluphezulu: Qinisekisa ukuphela kokutshaja ngokufumanisa i-voltage ephezulu yebhetri;
I-02) ulawulo lwe-dT / DT: Qinisekisa ukuphela kokutshaja ngokufumanisa izinga eliphezulu lokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kwebhetri;
03) △ Ulawulo lwe-T: Xa ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, umahluko phakathi kweqondo lobushushu kunye nobushushu be-ambient uya kufikelela kowona mgangatho uphezulu;
04) -△Ulawulo lwe-V: Xa ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ifikelela kwincopho yombane, amandla ombane aya kuhla ngexabiso elithile;
05) Ulawulo lwexesha: lawula isiphelo sokuhlawula ngokumisela ixesha elithile lokuhlawula, ngokuqhelekileyo ubeka ixesha elifunekayo ukuhlawula i-130% yomthamo oqingqiweyo wokusingatha;
61. Ziziphi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba ibhetri okanye ipakethi yebhetri ingatshaji?
01) Ibhetri ye-Zero-voltage okanye ibhetri ye-zero-voltage kwi-pack yebhetri;
02) Ipakethi yebhetri inqanyuliwe, izinto zangaphakathi ze-elektroniki kunye nesekethe yokukhusela ayiqhelekanga;
03) Isixhobo sokutshaja asilungile, kwaye akukho mveliso yangoku;
04) Imiba yangaphandle ibangela ukuba ukutshaja okusebenzayo kusezantsi kakhulu (njengokuphantsi kakhulu okanye ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu).
62. Zeziphi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba ingakwazi ukukhupha iibhetri kunye neepakethi zebhetri?
01) Ubomi bebhetri buya kuncipha emva kokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa;
02) Ukungahlawulisi ngokwaneleyo okanye ukungahlawulisi;
03) Ubushushu be-ambient buphantsi kakhulu;
04) Ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kuphantsi. Umzekelo, xa umsinga omkhulu ukhutshwa, ibhetri eqhelekileyo ayinakukhupha umbane ngenxa yokuba isantya sokusasazwa kwezinto zangaphakathi asikwazi ukuqhubeka nesantya sokusabela, nto leyo ebangela ukuhla kwamandla ombane abukhali.
63. Ziziphi izizathu ezinokwenzeka zexesha elifutshane lokukhupha iibhetri kunye neepakethi zebhetri?
01) Ibhetri ayihlawulwanga ngokupheleleyo, njengexesha elinganeleyo lokutshaja, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja okuphantsi, njl.;
02) Ukukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo ngoku kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokukhutshwa;
03) Xa ibhetri ikhutshwe, ubushushu be-ambient buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kuyancipha;
64. Yintoni ukutshaja kakhulu, kwaye kukuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kwebhetri?
Ukutshajiswa okugqithisileyo kubhekisa kwindlela ibhetri egcwaliswe ngayo ngokupheleleyo emva kwenkqubo ethile yokutshaja emva koko iqhubeke nokutshaja. I-Ni-MH yebhetri egcweleyo ivelisa oku kulandelayo:
I-electrode entle: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑;①
I-electrode engalunganga: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ②
Ekubeni umthamo we-electrode engafanelekanga uphezulu kunomthamo we-electrode efanelekileyo ekuyilweni, i-oksijini eyenziwa yi-electrode efanelekileyo idibaniswa ne-hydrogen eyenziwa yi-electrode engafanelekanga ngephepha le-separator. Ngoko ke, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri aluyi kunyuka kakhulu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba umbane wokutshaja ukhulu kakhulu, Okanye ukuba ixesha lokutshaja lide kakhulu, i-oksijini eveliswayo iphelile ukuba idliwe, enokubangela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ukunyuka, ukuguqulwa kwebhetri, ukuvuza kolwelo, kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kombane.
65. Yintoni ukukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye kukuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kwebhetri?
Emva kokuba ibhetri ikhuphe amandla agcinwe ngaphakathi, emva kokuba i-voltage ifikelele kwixabiso elithile, ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo kuya kubangela ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukukhutshwa kwe-voltage ye-discharge cut-off idla ngokugqitywa ngokuhambelana nokukhutshwa kwangoku. Ukuqhuma kwe-0.2C-2C ngokuqhelekileyo kusethelwe kwi-1.0V / isebe, i-3C okanye ngaphezulu, njenge-5C, okanye Ukukhutshwa kwe-10C kumiselwe kwi-0.8V / piece. Ukukhupha ibhetri kakhulu kunokuzisa iziphumo eziyingozi kwibhetri, ingakumbi ukukhupha kakhulu ngoku okanye ukukhupha ngokuphindaphindiweyo, okuya kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwibhetri. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo kuya kwandisa amandla ombane angaphakathi ebhetri kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nezingalunganga. Ukubuyiselwa umva kutshatyalalisiwe, nokuba kuhlawuliswa, kunokubuyisela ngokuyinxenye, kwaye umthamo uya kuthotywa kakhulu.
66. Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zokwandiswa kweebhetri ezitshajekayo?
01) Isiphaluka esibi sokukhusela ibhetri;
02) Iseli yebhetri iyanda ngaphandle komsebenzi wokukhusela;
03) Ukusebenza kwetshaja kubi, kwaye umsinga wokutshaja ukhulu kakhulu, obangela ukuba ibhetri idumbe;
04) Ibhetri ihlawulwe ngokuqhubekayo ngezinga eliphezulu kunye nokuphezulu kwangoku;
05) Ibhetri inyanzelekile ukuba ikhuphe ngaphezulu;
06) Ingxaki yoyilo lwebhetri.
67. Kuthini ukugqabhuka kwebhetri? Ukuthintela njani ukuqhuma kwebhetri?
Into eqinileyo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yebhetri ikhutshwa ngoko nangoko kwaye ityhalelwe kumgama ongaphezulu kwe-25cm ukusuka kwisiphango, okubizwa ngokuba lugqabhuko-dubulo. Iindlela zothintelo jikelele zezi:
01) Musa ukuhlawulisa okanye isiphaluka esifutshane;
02) Sebenzisa izixhobo ezingcono zokutshaja ukutshaja;
03) Imingxunya yebhetri kufuneka ihlale ingavalwanga;
04) Nika ingqalelo ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu xa usebenzisa ibhetri;
05) Akuvunyelwe ukudibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, iibhetri ezintsha kunye nezidala.
68. Zeziphi iintlobo zamacandelo okukhusela ibhetri kunye nezibonelelo zawo kunye nokungalunganga?
Le theyibhile ilandelayo luthelekiso lokusebenza lwezixhobo ezininzi zokhuseleko lwebhetri:
| NAME | INGXELO EPHAMBILI | ISIPHUMO | OKUHLE | INKINGA |
| Ukutshintsha kweThermal | I-PTC | Ukhuseleko oluphezulu lwangoku lwepakethi yebhetri | Ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lwangoku kunye nobushushu kwisekethe, ukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu okanye langoku liphezulu kakhulu, iqondo lobushushu le-bimetal kwi-switch linokufikelela kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo leqhosha, kwaye isinyithi siya kuhamba, esinokukhusela. ibhetri kunye nezixhobo zombane. | Icwecwe lesinyithi lisenokungasetwa ngokutsha emva kokukhubeka, nto leyo ebangela umbane wepakethi yebhetri ukusilela ukusebenza. |
| Umkhuseli wangoku | I-PTC | Ipakethe yebhetri ukhuseleko oludlulayo | Njengoko iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ukuchasana kwesi sixhobo kwandisa ngokulandelelana. Xa i-current okanye iqondo lokushisa liphakama kwixabiso elithile, ixabiso lokumelana litshintsha ngokukhawuleza (ukwandisa) ukwenzela ukuba utshintsho lwakutsha nje kwinqanaba le-mA. Xa iqondo lokushisa lihla, liya kubuyela kwisiqhelo. Ingasetyenziswa njengeqhekeza loqhagamshelo lwebhetri ukuya kwintambo kwipakethi yebhetri. | Ixabiso eliphezulu |
| fuse | Ukuva isekethe yangoku kunye nobushushu | Xa i-current in the circuit idlula ixabiso elilinganisiweyo okanye ubushushu bebhetri bukhuphukela kwixabiso elithile, i-fuse ivuthela ukukhupha isiphaluka ukukhusela ipakethi yebhetri kunye nezixhobo zombane emonakalweni. | Emva kokuba i-fuse ivuthelwe, ayinakubuyiselwa kwaye idinga ukutshintshwa ngexesha, eliyinkathazo. |
69. Yintoni ibhetri ephathwayo?
Ephathekayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kulula ukuyiphatha kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Iibhetri eziphathwayo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunika amandla kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, ezingenazintambo. Iibhetri ezinkulu (umzekelo, 4 kg okanye ngaphezulu) azikho iibhetri eziphathekayo. Ibhetri ephathekayo eqhelekileyo namhlanje malunga namakhulu ambalwa eegram.
Intsapho yeebhetri eziphathekayo zibandakanya iibhetri eziphambili kunye neebhetri ezinokutsha (iibhetri zesibini). Iibhetri zeqhosha leqela elithile lazo.
70. Zeziphi iimpawu zeebhetri eziphathwayo ezitshajekayo?
Yonke ibhetri isiguquli samandla. Inokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ekhemikhali agciniweyo abe ngamandla ombane. Kwiibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, le nkqubo inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Iyakwazi ukujikeleza ibhetri yesibini ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-1,000 ngale ndlela.
Kukho iibhetri eziphathekayo ezihlawulekayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-electrochemical, uhlobo lwe-lead-acid (2V / piece), uhlobo lwe-nickel-cadmium (1.2V / piece), uhlobo lwe-nickel-hydrogen (1.2V / isincoko), ibhetri ye-lithium-ion (3.6V / iqhekeza)); uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwezi ntlobo zeebhetri kukuba zine-voltage yokukhupha rhoqo (i-voltage plateau ngexesha lokukhutshwa), kwaye i-voltage ibola ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokukhululwa.
71. Ingaba nayiphi na itshaja inokusetyenziselwa ukutshajwa kwakhona kweebhetri eziphathwayo?
Hayi, kuba nayiphi na ishaja ihambelana kuphela nenkqubo ethile yokutshaja kwaye inokuthelekisa kuphela indlela ethile ye-electrochemical, njenge-lithium-ion, i-lead-acid okanye i-Ni-MH ibhetri. Abanazo kuphela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zombane kodwa kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja. Kuphela itshaja ekhawulezileyo ephuhliswe ngokukodwa inokwenza ibhetri ye-Ni-MH ifumane eyona mpembelelo ifanelekileyo yokutshaja. Iitshaja ezicothayo zingasetyenziswa xa zifuneka, kodwa zifuna ixesha elingakumbi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona ezinye iitshaja zineeleyibhile ezifanelekileyo, kufuneka ulumke xa uzisebenzisa njengetshaja yeebhetri kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-electrochemical. Iileyibhile ezifanelekileyo zibonisa kuphela ukuba isixhobo siyahambelana nemigangatho ye-electrochemical yaseYurophu okanye eminye imigangatho yelizwe. Le leyibhile ayiniki naluphi na ulwazi malunga nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwebhetri elufaneleyo. Akunakwenzeka ukubiza iibhetri ze-Ni-MH ngeeshaja ezingabizi. Iziphumo ezanelisayo ziya kufumaneka, kwaye kukho iingozi. Oku kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwezinye iintlobo zeetshaja zebhetri.
72. Ingaba ibhetri ephathwayo eyi-1.2V enokuthi itshajwe kwakhona yi-1.5V ye-alkaline yemanganese?
Uluhlu lwe-voltage yeebhetri ze-alkaline manganese ngexesha lokukhutshwa luphakathi kwe-1.5V kunye ne-0.9V, ngelixa i-voltage eqhubekayo yebhetri ehlaziywayo yi-1.2V / isebe xa ikhutshwe. La mandla ombane aphantse alingane nomndilili wombane webhetri yemanganese yealkali. Ke ngoko, iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona endaweni ye-alkaline manganese. Iibhetri zinokwenzeka, kwaye ngokuphambene.
73. Zeziphi iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kweebhetri ezitshajekayo?
Inzuzo yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kukuba zinobomi obude benkonzo. Nangona zibiza kakhulu kuneebhetri eziphambili, zinoqoqosho kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Umthamo womthwalo weebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona uphezulu kunolo lweebhetri ezininzi zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, i-voltage yokukhutshwa kweebhetri eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zihlala zihlala, kwaye kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba ukukhutshwa kuya kuphelisa nini ukuze kubangele ukuphazamiseka okuthile ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokubonelela ngezixhobo zekhamera ixesha elide lokusetyenziswa, umthamo omkhulu womthwalo, ubuninzi bamandla, kunye nokuhla kwe-voltage yokukhupha buthathaka ngobunzulu bokukhutshwa.
Iibhetri eziqhelekileyo eziziisekondari zinezinga eliphezulu lokuzikhupha, ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo eziphezulu zokukhutshwa kwangoku ezifana neekhamera zedijithali, amathoyizi, izixhobo zombane, izibane eziphuthumayo, njl. iintsimbi zomculo emnyango, njl.njl Okwangoku, ibhetri efanelekileyo ibhetri ye-lithium, ephantse ibe nazo zonke iingenelo zesiqhwithi, kwaye izinga lokuzikhupha lincinci. Ukungalungi kuphela kukuba iimfuno zokutshaja kunye nokukhupha zingqongqo kakhulu, ziqinisekisa ubomi.
74. Zeziphi iingenelo zeebhetri zeNiMH? Ziziphi iingenelo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion?
Izinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri zeNiMH zezi:
01) ixabiso eliphantsi;
02) Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza;
03) Ubomi bomjikelo omde;
04) Akukho mpembelelo yenkumbulo;
05) akukho ngcoliseko, ibhetri eluhlaza;
06) Uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu;
07) Ukusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zezi:
01) Ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu;
02) Umbane osebenzayo ophezulu;
03) Akukho mpembelelo yenkumbulo;
04) Ubomi bomjikelo omde;
05) akukho ngcoliseko;
06) Ikhaphukhaphu;
07) Ukuzikhupha okuncinci.
75. Ziziphi iingenelo ze ibhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate?
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate ziibhetri zamandla, kwaye iingenelo zayo zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:
01) Ubomi obude kakhulu;
02) Ikhuselekile ukusebenzisa;
03) Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhupha kunye nombane omkhulu;
04) Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu;
05) Umthamo omkhulu;
06) Akukho mpembelelo yenkumbulo;
07) Ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima;
08) Ukukhusela okuluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo.
76. Ziziphi iingenelo ze iibhetri ze-lithium polymer?
01) Akukho ngxaki yokuvuza kwebhetri. Ibhetri ayinayo i-electrolyte engamanzi kwaye isebenzisa i-colloidal solids;
02) Iibhetri ezincinci zingenziwa: Ngomthamo we-3.6V kunye ne-400mAh, ubukhulu bunokuba buncinci njenge-0.5mm;
03) Ibhetri inokuqulunqwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo;
04) Ibhetri inokugoba kwaye ikhubazeke: ibhetri yepolymer inokugoba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-900;
05) Inokwenziwa ibhetri eyodwa ephezulu: iibhetri ze-electrolyte ze-liquid zinokudibaniswa kuphela kuthotho ukufumana i-high-voltage, iibhetri ze-polymer;
06) Ekubeni kungabikho ulwelo, lunokwenza ukuba lube ludibaniso lwe-multi-layer kwi-particle enye ukufezekisa i-voltage ephezulu;
I-07) Umthamo uya kuphinda kabini ukuphakama kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yobukhulu obufanayo.
77. Uthini umgaqo wetshaja? Zeziphi ezona ntlobo ziphambili?
Itshaja sisixhobo sokuguqulela esisisigxina esisebenzisa izixhobo ze-electronic semiconductor zamandla ukuguqula umsinga otshintshayo kunye nombane ongaguqukiyo kunye nefrequency ibe ngumsinga othe ngqo. Zininzi iitshaja, ezifana neetshaja zebhetri ezineasidi ekhokelayo, uvavanyo lwebhetri yelead-asidi elawulwa ivelufa, ukubekwa esweni, iitshaja zebhetri zenickel-cadmium, iitshaja zebhetri zenickel-hydrogen, kunye neetshaja zebhetri zelithium-ion, iitshaja zelithium-ion zebhetri. kwizixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, i-Lithium-ion battery protection circuit itshaja enemisebenzi emininzi, itshaja yebhetri yemoto yombane, njl.
78. Uzahlula njani iibhetri?
Ibhetri yemichiza:
Iibhetri zokuqala-ikhabhon-zinc ezomileyo, iibhetri zealkaline-manganese, iibhetri ze-lithium, iibhetri ze-zinc-mercury, iibhetri ze-cadmium-mercury, iibhetri zomoya we-zinc-zinc- iibhetri zeSilver, kunye neebhetri ze-electrolyte eziqinileyo (ibhetri ye-iodine yesilivere) , njl.
Iibhetri eziziisekondari ezikhokelayo, iibhetri zeNi-Cd, iibhetri zeNi-MH, Iibhetri ze-Li-ion, iibhetri ze-sodium-sulfur, njl.
Ezinye iibhetri-iibhetri ze-fuel cell, iibhetri zomoya, iibhetri ezincinci, iibhetri ezikhanyayo, iibhetri ze-nano, njl.
Ibhetri ebonakalayo:-iseli yelanga (iseli yelanga)
79. Yeyiphi ibhetri eya kulawula imarike yebhetri?
Njengeekhamera, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, iikhompyutha zamanqaku, kunye nezinye izixhobo zemultimedia ezinemifanekiso okanye izandi zithatha izikhundla ezibaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi kwizixhobo zendlu, xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zeprayimari, iibhetri zesibini nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kula macandelo. Ibhetri yesibini etshajwayo iya kukhula ngesayizi encinci, ilula, umthamo ophezulu, kunye nobukrelekrele.
80. Yintoni ibhetri yesibini ekrelekrele?
I-chip ifakwe kwibhetri ehlakaniphile, enika amandla kwisixhobo kwaye ilawula imisebenzi yayo ephambili. Olu hlobo lwebhetri lungabonisa umthamo oshiyekileyo, inani lemijikelo ejikelezisiweyo, kunye nobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bhetri ekrelekrele kwimarike. Iza kuba kwindawo ebalulekileyo yentengiso kwixesha elizayo, ngakumbi kwiikhamera, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, iifowuni eziphathwayo, kunye neekhompyuter zamanqaku.
81. Yintoni ibhetri yephepha?
Ibhetri yephepha luhlobo olutsha lwebhetri; amacandelo ayo kwakhona ziquka electrode, electrolytes, kunye separators. Ngokukodwa, olu hlobo olutsha lwebhetri yephepha luqulunqwe ngephepha le-cellulose elifakwe nge-electrodes kunye ne-electrolytes, kunye nephepha le-cellulose lisebenza njenge-separator. I-electrodes yi-carbon nanotubes eyongezwe kwi-cellulose kunye ne-metallic lithium ehlanganiswe kwifilimu eyenziwe nge-cellulose, kwaye i-electrolyte yisisombululo se-lithium hexafluorophosphate. Eli bhetri linokusongwa kwaye lingqindilili njengephepha kuphela. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ngenxa yeepropathi ezininzi zebhetri yephepha, iya kuba luhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo sokugcina amandla.
82. Yintoni iseli ye-photovoltaic?
I-Photocell yinto ye-semiconductor eyenza amandla e-electromotive phantsi kokukhanya kokukhanya. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli ze-photovoltaic, ezifana neeseli ze-selenium photovoltaic, iiseli ze-silicon photovoltaic, i-thallium sulfide, kunye neeseli ze-photovoltaic zesiliva sulfide. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwisixhobo, i-telemetry ezenzekelayo, kunye nolawulo olukude. Ezinye iiseli ze-photovoltaic zinokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla elanga kumandla ombane. Olu hlobo lweseli ye-photovoltaic ikwabizwa ngokuba yiseli yelanga.
83. Yintoni iseli yelanga? Ziziphi iingenelo zeeseli zelanga?
Iiseli zelanga zizixhobo eziguqula amandla okukhanya (ingakumbi ukukhanya kwelanga) abe ngamandla ombane. Umgaqo yimpembelelo ye-photovoltaic; oko kukuthi, intsimi yombane eyakhelweyo kwi-junction ye-PN ihlula abathwali bezithombe eziveliswa ngezithombe kumacala amabini okudibanisa ukuvelisa i-photovoltaic voltage kwaye idibanise kwisekethe yangaphandle ukwenza amandla ombane. Amandla eeseli zelanga anxulumene nokukhanya kokukhanya-okukhona kusasa komelele, kunamandla okuvelisa amandla.
Isixokelelwano selanga kulula ukuyifaka, kulula ukwandisa, ukuqhaqha, kwaye inezinye iingenelo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga nako kunoqoqosho kakhulu, kwaye akukho kusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukongezelela, le nkqubo iyamelana nokutshatyalaliswa komatshini; inkqubo yelanga idinga iiseli zelanga ezithembekileyo ukufumana nokugcina amandla elanga. Iiseli zelanga ngokubanzi zinezibonelelo ezilandelayo:
01) Ixabiso eliphezulu lokufunxa amandla;
02) Ubomi bomjikelo omde;
03) Ukusebenza kakuhle okutshajekayo;
04) Akukho sondlo esifunekayo.
84. Yintoni i-fuel cell? Indlela yokuhlela?
I-fuel cell yinkqubo ye-electrochemical eguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ekhemikhali abe ngamandla ombane.
Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuhlela isekelwe kuhlobo lwe-electrolyte. Ngokusekwe koku, iiseli zamafutha zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiseli ze-alkaline. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-potassium hydroxide njenge-electrolyte; iphosphoric acid uhlobo iiseli fuel, esebenzisa concentrated phosphoric acid njenge electrolyte; proton exchange inwebu iiseli fuel, Sebenzisa perfluorinated okanye ngokuyinxenye fluorinated sulfonic acid uhlobo proton exchange inwebu njenge electrolyte; iseli enyibilikisiweyo ye-carbonate ye-fuel cell, isebenzisa i-lithium-potassium carbonate etyhidiweyo okanye i-lithium-sodium carbonate njenge-electrolyte; iseli yamafutha e-oxide eqinile, Sebenzisa i-oxides ezinzileyo njenge-oxygen ion conductors, njenge-yttria-stabilized zirconia membranes njenge-electrolytes. Ngamanye amaxesha iibhetri zihlelwa ngokweqondo lobushushu bebhetri, kwaye zahlulahlulwe zaba ngubushushu obuphantsi (ubushushu bokusebenza obungaphantsi kwe-100℃) iiseli zamafutha, kubandakanywa iiseli ze-alkaline zamafutha kunye neeseli zeproton exchange fuel fuel; iiseli amafutha obushushu obuphakathi (ubushushu obusebenzayo kwi-100-300 ℃), kubandakanywa iseli ye-alkaline yohlobo lwe-Bacon kunye ne-fosphoric acid type fuel cell; iseli fuel yobushushu obuphezulu (ubushushu bokusebenza kwi-600-1000 ℃), kubandakanywa iseli enyibilikayo ye-carbonate fuel cell kunye ne-solid oxide fuel cell.
85. Kutheni i-fuel cell inesakhono esihle sokuphuhlisa?
Kwiminyaka elishumi okanye emibini edluleyo, iUnited States iye yanikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweeseli zamafutha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iJapan iqhube ngamandla uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji olusekwe ekuqalisweni kobuchwephesha baseMelika. I-fuel cell itsale umdla wamazwe athile aphuhlileyo ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba inezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
01) Ukusebenza okuphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba amandla ekhemikhali yamafutha aguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kumandla ombane, ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa phakathi, ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa akukhawulelwanga ngumjikelezo weCarnot we-thermodynamic; ngenxa yokuba akukho kuguqulwa kwamandla omatshini, kunokuphepha ukulahleka kokuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa akuxhomekanga kwisikali sokuvelisa amandla kunye nokutshintsha, ngoko i-fuel cell inokuguqulwa okuphezulu;
02) Ingxolo ephantsi kunye nongcoliseko oluphantsi. Ekuguquleni amandla ekhemikhali abe ngamandla ombane, i-fuel cell ayinazo iindawo ezihambayo ezisebenza ngoomatshini, kodwa inkqubo yolawulo ineempawu ezincinci, ngoko ke ingxolo ephantsi. Ukongeza, iiseli zamafutha zikwangumthombo wamandla ongcoliseko oluphantsi. Thatha i-fosphoric acid fuel cell njengomzekelo; iioksidi zesulfure kunye ne-nitrides ezikhuphayo ziyimilinganiselo emibini yobukhulu obungaphantsi kunemigangatho ebekwe yi-United States;
03) Ukulungelelanisa okunamandla. Iiseli ze-fuel zinokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafutha ane-hydrogen, njenge-methane, i-methanol, i-ethanol, i-biogas, i-petroleum gas, igesi yendalo, kunye negesi yokwenziwa. I-oxidizer ayipheli kwaye ingenamoya. Inokwenza iiseli zepetroli zibe ngamacandelo asemgangathweni anamandla athile (afana ne-40 kilowatts), adityaniswe ngokwamandla ahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ngokweemfuno zabasebenzisi, kwaye afakwe kwindawo efanelekileyo kakhulu. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokusekwa njengesikhululo samandla esikhulu kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubambisana nenkqubo yokubonelela umbane eqhelekileyo, eya kunceda ukulawula umthwalo wombane;
04) Ixesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nokugcinwa lula. Emva kokuveliswa kwemveliso yeeseli zepetroli, inokuvelisa ngokuqhubekayo amacandelo ahlukeneyo omgangatho wezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla kwimizi-mveliso. Kulula ukuyithutha kwaye inokudityaniswa kwisiza kwisikhululo samandla. Umntu uqikelele ukuba ukugcinwa kwe-40-kilowatt phosphoric acid fuel cell yi-25% kuphela ye-generator ye-diesel yamandla afanayo.
Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zepetroli zineengenelo ezininzi, iUnited States neJapan zithi zibaluleke gqitha ukukhula kwazo.
86. Yintoni ibhetri ye-nano?
I-Nano i-10-9 yeemitha, kunye ne-nano-ibhetri ibhetri eyenziwe ngama-nanomaterials (njenge-nano-MnO2, LiMn2O4, Ni (OH) 2, njl.). I-Nanomaterials ine-microstructures ekhethekileyo kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali (ezifana nemiphumo yobungakanani be-quantum, imiphumo yomhlaba, imiphumo ye-tunnel quantum, njl.). Okwangoku, ibhetri ye-nano eqolileyo yasekhaya yi-nano-activated carbon fiber battery. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizithuthi zombane, izithuthuthu zombane, kunye neemoped zombane. Olu hlobo lwebhetri lunokutshajwa kwakhona ngemijikelo ye-1,000 kwaye isetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo malunga neminyaka elishumi. Kuthatha kuphela malunga nemizuzu engama-20 ukutshaja ngexesha, ukuhamba kwendlela ethe tyaba yi-400km, kwaye ubunzima buyi-128kg, egqithise inqanaba leemoto zebhethri e-United States, Japan, nakwamanye amazwe. Iibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride zidinga malunga neeyure ezi-6-8 ukutshaja, kwaye indlela ethe tyaba ihamba i-300km.
87. Yintoni ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yeplastiki?
Okwangoku, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yeplastiki ibhekisela ekusebenziseni i-ion-conducting polymer njenge-electrolyte. Le polymer inokuba yomile okanye i-colloidal.
88. Sesiphi isixhobo esona sisetyenziswa kakuhle kwiibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?
Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zifaneleke ngakumbi izixhobo zombane ezifuna unikezelo lwamandla aphezulu okanye izixhobo ezifuna ukukhutshwa okukhoyo ngoku, okufana nesidlali esiphathwayo esinye, abadlali beCD, oonomathotholo abancinci, imidlalo ye-elektroniki, iithoyi zombane, izixhobo zasekhaya, iikhamera zobuchwephesha, iiselfowuni, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, iikhompyutha zamanqaku kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifuna amandla aphezulu. Kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi iibhetri eziphinda zitshajwe kwisixhobo esingasetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo kuba ukuzikhupha kweebhetri ezikwazi ukutshajwa kukhulu. Sekunjalo, ukuba izixhobo kufuneka zikhutshwe ngokuphezulu kwangoku, kufuneka zisebenzise iibhetri ezihlawulelwayo. Ngokubanzi, abasebenzisi kufuneka bakhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ngokwemiyalelo enikwe ngumenzi. Ibhetri.
89. Ziziphi iindawo zombane kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri?
| UMZEKELO WEBHATRI | I-VOLTAGE | SEBENZISA UMHLABA |
| SLI (injini) | 6V okanye ngaphezulu | Iimoto, izithuthi zorhwebo, izithuthuthu, njl. |
| ibhethri ibhetri | 6V | Ikhamera njl. |
| Ibhetri yeLithium Manganese | 3V | Iipokotho zokubala, iiwotshi, izixhobo zokulawula kude, njl. |
| Ibhetri yeSilver Oxygen | 1.55V | Iiwotshi, iiwotshi ezincinci, njl. |
| Ibhetri yealkaline manganese engqukuva | 1.5V | Izixhobo zevidiyo eziphathwayo, iikhamera, iikhonsoli zomdlalo, njl. |
| Ibhetri yeqhosha le-alkaline manganese | 1.5V | Ikhaltyhuleyitha yepokotho, izixhobo zombane, njl. |
| Zinc Carbon Round Ibhetri | 1.5V | Iialamu, izibane ezidanyazayo, iithoyi, njl. |
| Zinc-air iqhosha ibhetri | 1.4V | Izixhobo zokuva, njl. |
| Ibhetri yeqhosha le-MnO2 | 1.35V | Izixhobo zokuva, iikhamera, njl. |
| Iibhetri zeNickel-cadmium | 1.2V | Izixhobo zombane, iikhamera eziphathekayo, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, amathoyizi ombane, izibane ezingxamisekileyo, iibhayisikili zombane, njl. |
| Iibhetri zeNiMH | 1.2V | Iifowuni eziphathwayo, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, iikhamera eziphathekayo, iincwadi zokubhalela, izibane ezingxamisekileyo, izixhobo zasekhaya, njl. |
| Ibhetri yeLithium Ion | 3.6V | Iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha zeencwadana, njl. |
90. Zeziphi iintlobo zeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona? Sesiphi isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwisixhobo ngasinye?
| UHLOBO LWEBHETRI | IIMBONAKALO | IZIXHOBO ZOKUSEBENZA |
| I-Ni-MH ibhetri ejikelezayo | Umthamo ophezulu, ubungane bendalo (ngaphandle kwe-mercury, ilothe, i-cadmium), ukukhuselwa kwe-overcharge | Izixhobo zeaudio, iirekhoda zevidiyo, iiselfowuni, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, izibane ezingxamisekileyo, iikhompyutha zamanqaku |
| Ibhetri ye-Ni-MH yeprismatic | Umthamo ophezulu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukukhuselwa kwentlawulo engaphezulu | Izixhobo zomsindo, iirekhoda zevidiyo, iiselfowuni, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, izibane ezingxamisekileyo, iilaptops |
| Ibhetri yeqhosha le-Ni-MH | Umthamo ophezulu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukukhuselwa kwentlawulo engaphezulu | Iifowuni eziphathwayo, iifowuni ezingenazintambo |
| Ibhetri yeNickel-cadmium engqukuva | Umthwalo ophezulu wemithwalo | Izixhobo zomsindo, izixhobo zamandla |
| Ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium | Umthwalo ophezulu wemithwalo | Ifowuni engenazintambo, imemori |
| Ibhetri yeLithium Ion | Umthamo ophezulu womthwalo, ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu | Iifowuni eziphathwayo, iilaptops, iirekhoda zevidiyo |
| Iibhetri ze-lead-acid | Ixabiso eliphantsi, ukusetyenzwa kakuhle, ubomi obuphantsi, ubunzima obunzima | Iinqanawa, iimoto, izibane zabasebenzi basezimayini, njl. |
91. Zeziphi iintlobo zeebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwizibane zikaxakeka?
01) Ibhetri ye-Ni-MH etywiniweyo;
02) I-valve ehlengahlengiswayo ye-lead-asidi ibhetri;
I-03) Ezinye iintlobo zeebhetri nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukuba zihambelana nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwe-IEC 60598 (2000) (inxalenye yokukhanya okuphuthumayo) umgangatho (inxalenye yokukhanya okuphuthumayo).
92. Ubude obungakanani ubomi benkonzo yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ezisetyenziswa kwiifowuni ezingenazintambo?
Ngaphantsi kokusetyenziswa rhoqo, ubomi benkonzo yiminyaka eyi-2-3 okanye ngaphezulu. Xa ezi meko zilandelayo zisenzeka, ibhetri kufuneka itshintshwe:
01) Emva kokuhlawula, ixesha lokuthetha lifutshane kunelo kanye;
02) Isignali yokufowuna ayicacanga ngokwaneleyo, umphumo wokufumana awucacanga, kwaye ingxolo iphezulu;
03) Umgama phakathi kwefowuni engenazintambo kunye nesiseko kufuneka sisondele; oko kukuthi, uluhlu losetyenziso lwefowuni engenazintambo luya luncipha ngokucutheka.
93. Yeyiphi enokusebenzisa uhlobo lwebhetri kwizixhobo zolawulo olukude?
Inokusebenzisa ulawulo olukude kuphela ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ikwindawo yayo engatshintshiyo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri ze-zinc-carbon zingasetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokulawula kude. Imiyalelo esemgangathweni ye-IEC inokubachonga. Iibhetri ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-AAA, AA, kunye ne-9V yeebhetri ezinkulu. Kukwalukhetho olungcono lokusebenzisa iibhetri zealkaline. Olu hlobo lwebhetri lunokubonelela ngokuphindwe kabini ixesha lokusebenza kwebhetri ye-zinc-carbon. Ziyakwazi nokuchongwa ngemigangatho ye-IEC (LR03, LR6, 6LR61). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba isixhobo sokulawula kude sifuna kuphela umsinga omncinci, ibhetri ye-zinc-carbon inoqoqosho ukuyisebenzisa.
Inokusebenzisa kwakhona iibhetri zesibini ezitshajwayo ngokomgaqo, kodwa zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zolawulo olukude. Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuzikhupha kweebhetri zesibini kufuneka zihlaziywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngoko ke olu hlobo lwebhetri alusebenzi.
94. Zeziphi iintlobo zeemveliso zebhetri ezikhoyo? Zeziphi iindawo zesicelo ezizilungeleyo?
Iindawo zokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zeNiMH zibandakanya kodwa azikhawulelwanga koku:
Iibhayisikili zombane, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, amathoyizi ombane, izixhobo zombane, izibane eziphuthumayo, izixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo, izibane zabasebenzi basezimayini, ii-walkie-talkies.
Iindawo zokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ziquka kodwa azikhawulelwanga koku:
Iibhayisikili zombane, iimoto zokudlala ezikude, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhomputha zeencwadana, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeselula, abadlali beediski ezincinci, iikhamera zevidiyo ezincinci, iikhamera zedijithali, i-walkie-talkies.
95. Ibhetri inaliphi ifuthe kokusingqongileyo?
Phantse zonke iibhetri namhlanje azinayo imekyuri, kodwa iintsimbi ezinzima ziseyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeebhetri zemercury, iibhetri zenickel-cadmium ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, kunye neebhetri zelead-asidi. Ukuba ziphathwa kakubi kwaye zizixa ezikhulu, ezi zinyithi zinzima ziya kulimaza indalo esingqongileyo. Okwangoku, kukho ii-arhente ezikhethekileyo kwihlabathi zokuphinda zisetyenziswe i-manganese oxide, i-nickel-cadmium, kunye neebhetri ze-lead-acid, umzekelo, i-RBRC yenkampani engenzi nzuzo.
96. Yintoni ifuthe lobushushu be-ambient ekusebenzeni kwebhetri?
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zokusingqongileyo, ubushushu bunempembelelo enkulu kwintlawulo kunye nokukhupha ukusebenza kwebhetri. I-electrochemical reaction kwi-electrode / electrolyte interface ihambelana nobushushu be-ambient, kwaye i-electrode / electrolyte interface ithathwa njengentliziyo yebhetri. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liyehla, izinga lokuphendula kwe-electrode nalo liyehla. Ukucinga ukuba amandla ombane ebhetri ahlala engaguquguquki kwaye umsinga wokukhupha uyehla, ukuphuma kwamandla ebhetri nako kuya kuncipha. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liyenyuka, akunjalo; amandla ebhetri aya kwanda. Ubushushu buchaphazela isantya sokudluliselwa kwe-electrolyte. Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuya kukhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa, ukuhla kweqondo lokushisa kuya kunciphisa ulwazi, kwaye intlawulo yebhetri kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshwa kuya kuchaphazeleka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, lidlula i-45 ° C, liya kutshabalalisa ibhalansi yeekhemikhali kwibhetri kwaye ibangele ukusabela kwecala.
97. Yintoni ibhetri eluhlaza?
Ibhetri yokhuselo lwendalo esingqongileyo ibhekisa kuhlobo lwesichotho esisebenza kakhulu, esingenangcoliseko esiye sasetyenziswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje okanye esaphandwayo saphuhliswa. Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-nickel ze-metal hydride, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, i-mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese iibhetri eziphambili, iibhetri ezihlaziywayo eziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kunye neebhetri zeplastiki ze-lithium okanye i-lithium-ion kunye neeseli zepetroli eziphandwayo kwaye ziphuhlisiwe. olu didi. Udidi olunye. Ukongezelela, iiseli zelanga (ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic power generation) eziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye zisebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqulwa kweefoto zombane nazo zingabandakanywa kolu didi.
I-Technology Co., Ltd. iye yazibophelela ekuphandeni nasekuboneleleni ngeebhetri ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo (i-Ni-MH, i-Li-ion). Iimveliso zethu zihlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni ze-ROTHS ezivela kwizinto zebhetri zangaphakathi (i-electrodes emihle kunye ne-negative) ukuya kwizinto zokupakisha zangaphandle.
98. Zeziphi “iibhetri eziluhlaza” ezisetyenziswayo neziphandwayo ngoku?
Uhlobo olutsha lwebhetri eluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo lubhekisela kuhlobo oluphezulu. Eli bhetri lingangcolisi lisetyenziswe okanye liyaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-nickel ze-metal hydride, kunye ne-mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese iibhetri zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, kunye neebhetri zeplastiki ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ezivuthayo, kunye ne-electrochemical energy storage supercapacitors eziphuhliswayo zonke. iintlobo ezintsha-udidi lweebhetri eziluhlaza. Ukongezelela, iiseli zelanga ezisebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqulwa kweefoto zombane zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi.
99. Ziphi iingozi eziphambili zeebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo?
Iibhetri zenkunkuma ezinobungozi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nendalo engqongileyo kwaye zidweliswe kuluhlu lokulawula inkunkuma enobungozi ikakhulu ibandakanya iibhetri ezine-mercury, ngakumbi iibhetri ze-mercury oxide; iibhetri ze-lead-acid: iibhetri ezine-cadmium, ngokukodwa iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium. Ngenxa yokulahlwa kweebhetri ezilahlwayo, ezi bhetri ziya kungcolisa umhlaba, amanzi kwaye zenze umonakalo kwimpilo yabantu ngokutya imifuno, intlanzi kunye nokunye ukutya.
100. Zeziphi iindlela zeebhetri zenkunkuma zokungcolisa okusingqongileyo?
Izixhobo ezisisiseko zezi bhetri zitywinwe ngaphakathi kwecala lebhetri ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwaye aziyi kuchaphazela indalo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokunxiba kwexesha elide lomatshini kunye nokubola, isinyithi esinzima kunye ne-acids, kunye ne-alkalis ngaphakathi ziphuma ngaphandle, faka umhlaba okanye imithombo yamanzi kwaye ungene kwikhonkco lokutya kwabantu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Yonke le nkqubo ichazwa ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umhlaba okanye umthombo wamanzi-microorganisms-izilwanyana-ezijikeleza uthuli-izityalo-ukutya-umzimba womntu-imithambo-deposition kunye nesifo. Isinyithi esinzima esifakwe kwindalo esingqongileyo zezinye izinto eziphuma emanzini zokwetyisa ukutya kwezityalo zinokungena kwi-biomagnification kwikhonkco lokutya, ziqokelele kumawaka ezinto eziphilayo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ngenyathelo, zingene emzimbeni womntu ngokutya, kwaye ziqokelelane kumalungu athile. Banga ityhefu engapheliyo.
phendula kwiiyure ezi-6, nayiphi na imibuzo yamkelekile!
