Impahla eyomileyo iintlobo ezilithoba zokugcina amandla uhlalutyo ibhetri kunye nokusilela isishwankathelo

Ugcino lwamandla lubhekisa ikakhulu kugcino lwamandla ombane. Ugcino lwamandla lelinye ixesha kwimithombo yeoli, emele ukukwazi kwephuli ukugcina ioyile negesi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ngokwawo akusiyo iteknoloji evelayo, kodwa kwimbono yoshishino, ivele yavela kwaye isebuntwaneni bayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-China ayifikanga kwinqanaba lokuba i-United States ne-Japan iphathe ukugcinwa kwamandla njengeshishini elizimeleyo kwaye ikhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso ethile. Ngokukodwa ngokungabikho kwendlela yokuhlawula ukugcinwa kwamandla, imodeli yokuthengisa yoshishino lokugcinwa kwamandla ayikafiki.

Iibhetri ezineasidi yelothe zisetyenziswa kusetyenziso logcino lwamandla ebhetri ephezulu, ingakumbi kubonelelo lombane olungxamisekileyo, iimoto zebhetri, kunye nogcino lwamandla ombane ashiyekileyo. Ingasebenzisa kwakhona iibhetri ezomileyo ezitshajwayo kwizihlandlo eziphantsi kwamandla, ezifana neebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, njl. Eli nqaku lilandela umhleli ukuba aqonde izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungalunganga kweentlobo ezilithoba zokugcina amandla ebhetri.

1. Ibhetri ye-lead-acid

eyona nto iluncedo:

1. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekrwada zifumaneka lula, yaye ixabiso liphantsi ngokwentelekiso;
2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kwezinga eliphezulu;
3. Ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu, kunokusebenza kwindawo -40 ~ +60 ℃;
4. Ifanelekile ukutshaja okudadayo, ubomi benkonzo ende, kwaye akukho siphumo sokukhumbula;
5. Iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona, zilungele ukukhusela okusingqongileyo.

Izinto ezingeloncedo eziphambili:

1. Amandla athile aphantsi, ngokubanzi 30-40Wh/kg;
2. Ubomi benkonzo abukho buhle njengaleyo yeebhetri zeCd/Ni;
3. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso kulula ukungcolisa okusingqongileyo kwaye kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezintathu zokucocwa kwenkunkuma.
4. Ibhetri ye-Ni-MH

eyona nto iluncedo:

1. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid, ubuninzi bamandla buphuculwe kakhulu, ubunzima bamandla obunzima ngu-65Wh / kg, kwaye umthamo wamandla womthamo unyuswe ngu-200Wh / L;
2. Uxinaniso lwamandla aphakamileyo, lunokuhlawulisa kunye nokukhupha nge-current enkulu;
3. Iimpawu ezilungileyo zokukhutshwa kobushushu obuphantsi;
4. Ubomi bomjikelezo (ukuya kumaxesha angama-1000);
5. Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwaye akukho ngcoliseko;
6. Itekhnoloji ikhulile ngakumbi kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Izinto ezingeloncedo eziphambili:

1. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lobushushu bokusebenza luyi -15 ~ 40 ℃, kwaye ukusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu kubi;
2. I-voltage yokusebenza iphantsi, uluhlu lwamandla okusebenza luyi-1.0 ~ 1.4V;
3. Ixabiso liphezulu kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid kunye neebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, kodwa ukusebenza kubi kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
4. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion

eyona nto iluncedo:

1. Amandla athile aphezulu;
2. Iqonga lamandla ombane aphezulu;
3. Ukusebenza kakuhle komjikelo;
4. Akukho siphumo sokukhumbula;
5. Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, akukho ngcoliseko; ngoku yenye yezona bhetri zamandla ezithuthi zombane ezinokubakho.
6. Ii-Supercapacitors

eyona nto iluncedo:

1. Ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu;
2. Ixesha elifutshane lokutshaja.

Izinto ezingeloncedo eziphambili:

Ubuninzi bamandla buphantsi, kuphela i-1-10Wh / kg, kunye noluhlu lokuhamba nge-supercapacitors lufutshane kakhulu ukuba lusetyenziswe njengombane oqhelekileyo wezithuthi zombane.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungalunganga kogcino lwamandla ebhetri (iintlobo ezilithoba zokuhlalutya ibhetri yokugcina amandla)

5. Iiseli zepetroli

eyona nto iluncedo:

1. Amandla athile aphezulu kunye nomgama wokuqhuba ixesha elide;
2. Uxinaniso lwamandla aphakamileyo, lunokuhlawulisa kunye nokukhupha nge-current enkulu;
3. Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, akukho ngcoliseko.

Izinto ezingeloncedo eziphambili:

1. Inkqubo intsonkothile, kwaye ukukhula kweteknoloji kubi;
2. Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokubonelela nge-hydrogen kuphelelwa lixesha;
3. Kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zesulfure dioxide emoyeni. Ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya olumandla lwasekhaya, iimoto zasekhaya zeeseli zamafutha zinobomi obufutshane.
4. Ibhetri ye-sodium-sulfure

advanteji:

1. Amandla athile aphezulu (ithiyori 760wh/kg; eyona 390wh/kg);
2. Amandla aphezulu (ukukhutshwa koxinzelelo lwangoku kunokufikelela kwi-200～300mA/cm2);
3. Isantya sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza (i-30min epheleleyo);
4. Ubomi obude (iminyaka eyi-15; okanye amaxesha angama-2500 ukuya kuma-4500);
5. Akukho ngcoliseko, inokuphinda isetyenziswe (Na, S izinga lokubuyisela liphantse libe yi-100%); 6. Akukho mcimbi wokuzikhupha, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwamandla;

akwanelanga:

1. Ukushisa okusebenzayo kuphezulu, ukushisa okusebenzayo kuphakathi kwe-300 kunye ne-350 degrees, kwaye ibhetri idinga umlinganiselo othile wokufudumeza kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu xa usebenza, kwaye ukuqaliswa kuhamba kancane;
2. Ixabiso liphezulu, i-yuan eyi-10,000 ngeqondo ngalinye;
3. Ukhuseleko olubi.

Zisixhenxe, ibhetri (ibhetri yevanadium)

inzuzo:

1. Ukukhutshwa okukhuselekileyo nokunzulu;
2. Isikali esikhulu, ubungakanani betanki yokugcina engenamkhawulo;
3. Kukho intlawulo ebalulekileyo kunye nesantya sokukhupha;
4. Ubomi obude kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu;
5. Akukho kukhutshwa, ingxolo ephantsi;
6. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhupha ukutshintsha, kuphela imizuzwana eyi-0.02;
7. Ukhetho lwesiza aluxhomekekanga kwizithintelo zejografi.

ukusilela:

1. Ukungcoliswa komnqamlezo we-electrolyte efanelekileyo kunye nembi;
2. Abanye basebenzisa iinwebu ze-ion-exchange ezibizayo;
3. Izisombululo ezibini zinomthamo omkhulu kunye namandla athile aphantsi;
4. Ukusebenza kokuguqulwa kwamandla akukho phezulu.
5. Ibhetri ye-lithium yomoya

Isiphene esibulalayo:

Imveliso ye-reaction eqinile, i-lithium oxide (i-Li2O), iqokelela kwi-electrode efanelekileyo, ivimbela ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye nomoya, kubangela ukuba ukukhutshwa kuyeke. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium-air zinezihlandlo ezilishumi zokusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwaye zinika amandla afanayo njengepetroli. Iibhetri zomoya weLithium zihlawulisa ioksijini ukusuka emoyeni ukuze iibhetri zibencinci kwaye zibe khaphukhaphu. Iilabhoratri ezininzi ehlabathini lonke ziphanda ngobu bugcisa, kodwa kusenokuthabatha iminyaka elishumi ukuphumeza urhwebo ukuba akukho mpumelelo.

9. Ibhetri yeLithium-sulphur

(Iibhetri zeLithium-sulphur ziyinkqubo ethembisayo yomthamo ophezulu wokugcina amandla)

inzuzo:

1. Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, uxinaniso lwamandla lwethiyori lunokufikelela kwi-2600Wh/kg;
2. Iindleko eziphantsi zezinto ezibonakalayo;
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncinci;
4. Ubuthi obuphantsi.

Nangona uphando lwebhetri ye-lithium-sulfur luye lwadlula amashumi eminyaka kwaye ezininzi iimpumelelo zenziwe kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kusekho indlela ende yokuhamba ukusuka kwisicelo esisebenzayo.