UPhando kwiiNdlela zoPhuhliso lweZithuthi eziZimelayo zangaphantsi koLwandle oluZimeleyo (ii-AUVs)

Njengoko amazwe ehlabathi egxininisa ngakumbi kumalungelo olwandle kunye nezinto anomdla kuzo, izixhobo zomkhosi wamanzi, kubandakanywa izixhobo ezichasene nenkwili kunye nezixhobo zokulwa nomgodi, ziye zaguqukela ekuphuculweni kwamaxesha, ukuphumelela kweendleko, kunye nokunciphisa iingozi. Ngenxa yoko, iinkqubo zokulwa ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ezingenamntu ziye zaba yindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kuphando lwezixhobo zomkhosi kwihlabathi jikelele, zidlulela kwizicelo ezinzulu zolwandle. Ii-AUVs zolwandle olunzulu, ezisebenza kumanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neendawo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemekobume yoxinzelelo lwamanzi, ziye zavela njengesihloko esishushu kulo mmandla ngenxa yesidingo sempumelelo kuninzi lweetekhnoloji eziphambili.

Ii-AUV zolwandle olunzulu zohluke kakhulu kwii-AUV zamanzi angekho nzulu ngokwendlela yoyilo nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Iingqwalasela zesakhiwo ziquka ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuguqulwa okunokwenzeka okukhokelela kwingozi yokuvuza. Imiba yolungelelaniso ivela ngokutshintsha koxinano lwamanzi ekunyukeni kobunzulu obukhulayo, okuchaphazela ukushukuma kwaye kufuneke uyilo olunenkathalo lohlengahlengiso lwe-buoyancy. Imingeni yokuhambahamba ibandakanya ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela zemveli zokulinganisa iinkqubo zokuhamba ezingenasiphelo kwii-AUVs ezinzulu zolwandle, ezifuna izisombululo ezintsha.

Ubume bangoku kunye neempawu zee-AUVs zoLwandle oluNzulu

1. Uphuhliso lwehlabathi Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji yobunjineli bolwandle, iitekhnoloji eziphambili kwii-AUVs zolwandle zibone impumelelo ebalulekileyo. Amazwe amaninzi aphuhlisa ii-AUV zolwandle olunzulu ngeenjongo zomkhosi kunye nezoluntu, ezineentlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini kwihlabathi liphela. Imizekelo ephawulekayo iquka iQela le-ECA laseFransi, iHydroid yase-USA, kunye nothotho lweHUGIN yaseNorway, phakathi kwezinye. I-China ikwaphanda ngenkuthalo kulo mmandla, iqonda ukubaluleka okwandayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwee-AUV zolwandle olunzulu.
2. Iimodeli ezikhethekileyo kunye neZakhono zazo
   • I-REMUS6000: I-AUV enzulu yolwandle eyenziwe yiHydroid ekwaziyo ukusebenza kubunzulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6000m, ixhotyiswe ngezivamvo zokulinganisa iimpawu zamanzi kunye nokwenza imephu yolwandle.
   • Bluefin-21: Imodyuli ephezulu ye-AUV eyenziwe yi-Tuna Robotics, e-USA, ilungele imisebenzi eyahluka-hlukeneyo equka uphononongo, imilinganiselo yokumelana nomgodi, kunye nophononongo lwe-archaeological.

• • HUGIN Series: Ii-AUV zaseNorwegian ezaziwa ngomthamo wazo omkhulu kunye neteknoloji yezoluvo ephucukileyo, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kumanyathelo okuthintela umgodi kunye novavanyo olukhawulezayo lokusingqongileyo.

• • IiAUVs zeKlasi yoMhloli: Iphuhliswe yi-ISE yaseCanada, ezi zii-AUV eziguquguqukayo ezinobunzulu obuninzi obuyi-3000m kunye noluhlu lwezakhono zokuhlawula.

• • CR-2 Deep-Sea AUV: Imodeli yaseTshayina eyenzelwe ubutyebi obungaphantsi kwamanzi kunye novavanyo lwendalo esingqongileyo, ekwaziyo ukusebenza kubunzulu be-6000m.

• • Poseidon 6000 Deep-Sea AUV: I-AUV yaseChina yokukhangela nokusindisa elwandle olunzulu, ixhotyiswe ngoluhlu oluphezulu lwesonar kunye nobunye ubugcisa bokubona.

Ubuchwephesha obuPhambili kuPhuhliso lwe-AUV yoLwandle olunzulu

1. Ubuchwephesha baMandla kunye naMandla: Ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ukhuseleko, kunye nokulula ukugcina kubalulekile, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
2. Ubuchwephesha bokuNavigation kunye nePositioning Technologies: Ukudibanisa i-inertial navigation kunye ne-Doppler velocimeters kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo ukufezekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu.
3. Ubuchwephesha boNxibelelwano lwangaphantsi kwamanzi: Uphando lujolise ekuphuculeni amazinga othumelo kunye nokuthembeka nangona iimeko eziphantsi kwamanzi zicela umngeni.
4. Ubuchwephesha bokuLawula uMsebenzi oZimeleyo: Ibandakanya ukucwangcisa okukrelekrele kunye nokusebenza okuziqhelanisayo, okubalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yobuthunywa.

IiNdlela zekamva kwii-AUVs zoLwandle oluNzulu

Uphuhliso lwee-AUVs ezinzulu zolwandle luthambekele ekuphuculweni okuncinci, kubukrelekrele, ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuphendula. Indaleko ibandakanya izigaba ezithathu: ukubamba itekhnoloji yokuhambisa amanzi elwandle, ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yomthwalo ohlawulwayo kunye namaqhinga okusebenza, kunye nokuphucula ii-AUVs ukuze zisebenze ngeendlela ezininzi, ezisebenzayo, nezithembekileyo phantsi kwamanzi.