I-XR inamahemuhemu okuba i-Apple ivelisa isixhobo esinxitywayo se-XR okanye sixhotyiswe ngomboniso we-OLED.

Ngokweengxelo zeendaba, i-Apple kulindeleke ukuba ikhulule i-augmented reality (AR) yokuqala ye-augmented reality (AR) okanye i-virtual reality (VR) isixhobo kwi-2022 okanye i-2023. Uninzi lwababoneleli lunokufumaneka eTaiwan, njenge-TSMC, i-Largan, i-Yecheng, ne-Pegatron. I-Apple inokusebenzisa isityalo sayo sovavanyo eTaiwan ukuyila le microdisplay. Umzi-mveliso ulindele ukuba iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezinomtsalane ze-Apple ziya kukhokelela ekususweni kwemarike yokwenyani eyandisiweyo (XR). Isibhengezo sesixhobo sika-Apple kunye neengxelo ezinxulumene neteknoloji ye-XR yesixhobo (i-AR, i-VR, okanye i-MR) azikaqinisekiswa. Kodwa i-Apple yongeze izicelo ze-AR kwi-iPhone kunye ne-iPad kwaye yazisa iqonga le-ARKit labaphuhlisi ukuba benze izicelo ze-AR. Kwixesha elizayo, i-Apple inokuphuhlisa isixhobo esinxitywayo se-XR, ivelise i-synergy kunye ne-iPhone kunye ne-iPad, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yandise i-AR ukusuka kwizicelo zorhwebo ukuya kwizicelo zabathengi.

Ngokutsho kweendaba zeendaba zaseKorea, i-Apple yamemezela ngoNovemba 18 ukuba iphuhlisa isixhobo se-XR esiquka "i-OLED display." I-OLED (i-OLED kwiSilicon, i-OLED kwiSilicon) sisiboniso esisebenzisa i-OLED emva kokudala iipikseli kunye nabaqhubi kwi-silicon wafer substrate. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji ye-semiconductor, ukuqhuba okuchanekileyo kunokwenziwa, ukufaka iipikseli ezininzi. Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo sokubonisa ngamakhulu eepikseli nge-intshi nganye (PPI). Ngokwahlukileyo, i-OLEDoS inokufikelela kumawaka eepikseli nge-intshi nganye yePPI. Ekubeni izixhobo ze-XR zijonge kufutshane neso, kufuneka zixhase isisombululo esiphezulu. I-Apple ilungiselela ukufaka umboniso ophezulu we-OLED one-PPI ephezulu.

Umfanekiso wengqikelelo ye-headset ye-Apple (umthombo womfanekiso: I-Intanethi)

I-Apple ikwaceba ukusebenzisa i-TOF sensors kwizixhobo zayo ze-XR. I-TOF yinzwa enokulinganisa umgama kunye nokumila kwento elinganisiweyo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunyani benyani (VR) kunye nenyani eyongeziweyo (AR).

Kuyaqondwa ukuba i-Apple isebenza ne-Sony, i-LG Display, kunye ne-LG Innotek ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso lwamacandelo angundoqo. Kuyaqondwa ukuba umsebenzi wophuhliso uyaqhubeka; kunokuba nje uphando lweteknoloji kunye nophuhliso, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuthengiswa kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokutsho kweBloomberg News, i-Apple iceba ukuqalisa izixhobo ze-XR kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ozayo.

I-Samsung ikwagxile kwizixhobo zeXR zesizukulwana esilandelayo. I-Samsung Electronics ityale imali ekuphuhliseni iilensi ze "DigiLens" kwiiglasi ezikrelekrele. Nangona ingazange ichaze imali yotyalo-mali, kulindeleke ukuba ibe yimveliso yohlobo lweglasi kunye nesikrini esifakwe ilensi eyodwa. I-Samsung Electro-Mechanics nayo ithathe inxaxheba kutyalo-mali lweDigiLens.

Imiceli mngeni i-Apple ejongene nayo ekwenzeni izixhobo ezinxitywayo ze-XR.

Izixhobo ezinxitywayo ze-AR okanye zeVR ziquka izinto ezintathu ezisebenzayo: umboniso kunye nomboniso, indlela yokuva, kunye nokubala.

Uyilo lwembonakalo yezixhobo ezinxitywayo kufuneka ziqwalasele imiba ehambelanayo efana nokuthuthuzela kunye nokwamkeleka, njengobunzima kunye nobukhulu besixhobo. Izicelo ze-XR ezikufutshane nehlabathi lenyani zihlala zifuna amandla angaphezulu ekhompyuter ukwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, ngoko ke ukusebenza kwazo okungundoqo kwikhompyuter kufuneka kube phezulu, okukhokelela kusetyenziso olukhulu lwamandla.

Ukongeza, ukuchithwa kobushushu kunye neebhetri zangaphakathi ze-XR zikwanciphisa uyilo lobugcisa. Ezi zithintelo zikwasebenza kwizixhobo ze-AR ezikufutshane nelizwe lokwenyani. Ubomi bebhetri ye-XR ye-Microsoft HoloLens 2 (566g) ziiyure ezi-2-3 kuphela. Ukudibanisa izixhobo ezinxitywayo (i-tethering) kwizixhobo zekhompyutha zangaphandle (ezifana nee-smartphones okanye iikhomputha zomntu) okanye imithombo yamandla ingasetyenziselwa njengesisombululo, kodwa oku kuya kunciphisa ukuhamba kwezixhobo zokugqoka.

Ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yokuva, xa uninzi lwezixhobo zeVR zenza ukusebenzisana komntu nekhompyuter, ukuchaneka kwazo ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kumlawuli ezandleni zabo, ngakumbi kwimidlalo, apho umsebenzi wokulandela umkhondo uxhomekeke kwisixhobo sokulinganisa i-inertial (IMU). Izixhobo ze-AR zisebenzisa ujongano lomsebenzisi olukhululekileyo, olufana nokuqondwa kwelizwi lendalo kunye nolawulo loluvo lwentshukumo. Izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana neMicrosoft HoloLens zibonelela ngombono womatshini kunye nemisebenzi ye-3D yokuqonda ubunzulu, ezikwayindawo uMicrosoft ebelungile kuyo ukusukela oko iXbox yazisa iKinect.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-AR ezinxitywayo, kunokuba lula ukwenza ujongano lomsebenzisi kunye nokubonisa umboniso kwizixhobo zeVR kuba akukho mfuneko encinci yokuqwalasela ilizwe langaphandle okanye impembelelo yokukhanya okujikeleze. Isilawuli esiphathwayo sinokufikeleleka ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni kunojongano lomatshini womntu xa ungenanto. Abalawuli abaphathwa ngesandla banokusebenzisa i-IMU, kodwa ulawulo lwe-gesture sensing kunye ne-3D-deep-sensing ixhomekeke kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu be-optical kunye nombono we-algorithms, oko kukuthi, umbono womatshini.

Isixhobo se-VR sifuna ukukhuselwa ukukhusela imeko-bume yehlabathi yokwenyani ekuchaphazeleni umboniso. Iziboniso ze-VR zingaba yi-LTPS TFT i-crystal displays ye-crystal, i-LTPS AMOLED ibonisa ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nabanikezeli abaninzi, okanye i-silicon-based OLED ephumayo (i-OLED encinci) ibonisa. Kuyindleko ukusebenzisa isiboniso esisodwa (kumehlo asekhohlo nasekunene), likhulu njengefowuni yokubonisa isikrini ukusuka kwi-5 intshi ukuya kwi-6 intshi. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwe-double-monitor design (ukwahlulwe ngasekhohlo kunye namehlo asekunene) lubonelela ngcono umgama we-interpupillary (IPD) kunye ne-angle yokujonga (FOV).

Ukongeza, xa abasebenzisi beqhubeka nokubukela imifanekiso eshukumayo eyenziwe ngekhompyuter, i-low-latency (imifanekiso egudileyo, ukuthintela ukufiphala) kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu (ukuphelisa umphumo womnyango wesikrini) zizikhokelo zophuhliso lwemiboniso. Umboniso we-optics wesixhobo se-VR yinto ephakathi phakathi komboniso kunye namehlo omsebenzisi. Ke ngoko, ubukhulu (ubume besixhobo) buncitshisiwe kwaye bugqwesileyo kuyilo lwe-optical njengeFresnel lens. Isiphumo sokubonisa sinokuba ngumngeni.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimiboniso ye-AR, uninzi lwazo zii-microdisplays ezise-silicon. Itekhnoloji yokubonisa ibandakanya ikristale elulwelo kwisilicon (LCOS), ukusetyenzwa kokukhanya kwedijithali (DLP) okanye isixhobo sesipili sedijithali (DMD), i-Laser beam scanning (LBS), i-silicon-based micro OLED, kunye nesilicon-based micro-LED (micro-LED on isilicon). Ukuxhathisa uphazamiseko lokukhanya okumandla okujikelezayo, umboniso we-AR kufuneka ube nokukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu kune-10Knits (uthathela ingqalelo ilahleko emva kwe-waveguide, i-100Knits ilungile ngakumbi). Nangona i-passive light emission, i-LCOS, i-DLP kunye ne-LBS inokunyusa ukukhanya ngokuphucula umthombo wokukhanya (njenge-laser).

Ke ngoko, abantu banokukhetha ukusebenzisa ii-LED ezincinci xa kuthelekiswa nee-OLED ezincinci. Kodwa ngokubhekiselele kumbala kunye nokuveliswa, iteknoloji ye-micro-LED ayivuthwanga njengeteknoloji ye-OLED encinci. Inokusebenzisa i-WOLED (i-RGB yokucoca umbala wokukhanya okumhlophe) iteknoloji ukwenza i-RGB ukukhanya-emitting micro OLEDs. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ndlela echanekileyo yokuvelisa ii-LED ezincinci. Izicwangciso ezinokwenzeka ziquka i-Plessey's Quantum Dot (QD) yokuguqulwa kombala (ngokubambisana neNanoco), i-Ostendo's Quantum Photon Imager (QPI) eyilwe isitakhi se-RGB, kunye ne-JBD's X-cube (indibaniselwano yeetshiphusi ezintathu ze-RGB).

Ukuba izixhobo ze-Apple zisekelwe kwindlela yokubona ividiyo (VST), i-Apple inokusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-OLED encinci. Ukuba isixhobo se-Apple sisekelwe kwindlela yokubona ngokuthe ngqo (i-optical see-through, OST) indlela, ayinakunqanda ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokukhanya kwe-ambient, kunye nokukhanya kwe-OLED encinci kunokunciphisa. Uninzi lwezixhobo ze-AR zijongene nengxaki efanayo yokuphazamiseka, enokuba kutheni iMicrosoft HoloLens 2 ikhethe i-LBS endaweni ye-OLED encinci.

Izinto zamehlo (ezifana ne-waveguide okanye iFresnel lens) efunekayo ukuyila i-microdisplay ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ibethe ngqo kunokudala i-microdisplay. Ukuba isekelwe kwindlela ye-VST, i-Apple inokusebenzisa i-pancake-style optical design (ukudibanisa) ukufezekisa iindidi ze-micro-display kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo. Ngokusekwe kwindlela ye-OST, unokukhetha i-waveguide okanye uyilo olubonakalayo lokuhlambela lweentaka. Inzuzo yoyilo lwe-waveguide optical kukuba ifom yefom yayo incinci kwaye incinci. Nangona kunjalo, ii-optics ze-waveguide zinobuthathaka bokujikeleza kokusebenza kwe-microdisplays kwaye zikhatshwa zezinye iingxaki ezinje ngokugqwetheka, ukufana, umgangatho wombala, kunye nokuchasana. I-diffractive optical element (DOE), i-holographic optical element (HOE), kunye ne-reflection optical element (ROE) zezona ndlela ziphambili ze-waveguide visual design. I-Apple ifumene i-Akonia Holographics ngo-2018 ukuze ifumane ubuchule bayo be-optical.